Reading Pedagogy

Reading Comprehension

The ability to read a text and understand its meaning

What makes up reading comprehension?

Fluency, Vocabulary, Background Knowledge, Skills

What makes up Fluency?

Accuracy, Prosody, and Speed

What are the three types of Skills in reading comprehension?

Literal, Evaluative, Inferential

Prosody

Using correct emphasis, punctuation and tone while reading aloud to convey expression

Learning Objectives

Specific, measurable goals that define what learners are expected to know, understand or be able to do after instruction

What is accomplished through learning objectives?

Guidance of teaching and assessment

Instructional Interventions are

Additional focus on a specific skill to improve it

what are Literature Circles?

A teaching strategy where students are organized into small groups to discuss a common text

What benefits do literature circles have?

Phonemic/Sound Awareness

The ability to hear, identify and re-create individual sounds in spoken words

On which two levels does Phonemic awareness relate to Simple to complex progression?

Isolation and Segmentation

Syllable Awareness

The ability to hear individual parts/syllables of words

Differentiation Complexity

How difficult the vocabulary, sentence structure and organization is within a text

Who do we identify Dyslexia?

Measuring difficulty in learning to read, write, or spell after consistent conventional instruction, adequate intelligence and sociocultural opportunity

Reading Fluency

The ability to read with appropriate speed, accuracy and prosody

what are the characteristics of Accuracy in reading fluency?

Pronunciation and Automaticity

What are the characteristics of Prosody in reading fluency? (PETE)

Punctuation, Expression, Tone, and Emphasis

What are the characteristics of Speed in reading fluency?

Pace and Words Per Minute

Differentiation in Pacing

How much content is presented and how fast content is presented

Phonological Awareness

The understanding and ability to hear individual words, syllables, and sounds in spoken language without print

Phonological awareness relies on

Listening

What is the Alphabetic Principle?

The understanding that there is a logical/systematic relationship between the sounds of spoken English and the letters and letter-patterns of written English

What are the levels of understanding in the Alphabetic Principle?

Phonemes, Graphemes, and Letters

Asset/Strength-Based Approach of learning

An educational approach which builds learning around a student’s strengths and existing knowledge

Dysgraphia

A language disorder where one struggles with the mechanics of writing

what happens to the hand-writing of someone with dysgraphia?

It becomes illegible or impaired

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

A disorder in which individuals have great difficulty maintaining their focus in tasks AND are extremely active, impulsive, distractible, and excitable

Background knowledge

Schema/Prior knowledge or experience about a thing or concept they are learning

Response to Intervention (RtI)

A process to monitor and measure student progress in the general education curriculum after instructional intervention is provided

What are some examples of RtI programs?

Small group pull-out and tutoring

Flexible Grouping

Grouping students based on their needs or interests

An example of flexible groups:

Masters, Meets, Approaches, Did not meet

Orthography

The standards present in a language’s conventions

Retell

A comprehension strategy where students tell a story in their own words that they have read or listened to

Examples of orthography in reading

Spelling, capitalization, punctuation, and emphasis

Speed refers to

The pace at which the reader reads a text

Intrinsically Motivated (students)

Motivation cultivated in students by the desire to engage in a learning process

Independent Reading

Reading done by students separate from the teacher with an assigned book or choice book and is typically silent

What is a Mentor text?

A piece of literature that is revisited throughout the year for different purposes in literacy instruction

What are the things that determine a child’s willingness to learn?

Autonomy, Relatedness and Competence

What is Autonomy?

The ability of a student to self-govern or self-motivate

What generates Relatedness in a student?

Their connection towards others and their classroom culture

What is Alphabetic Knowledge?

The ability to recognize, name and write letters

Differentiated Instruction

Tailoring teaching methods to meet individual needs

Accuracy (in Reading)

The reader’s ability to correctly pronounce words

Competence

A student’s desire and ability to perform

Scaffolding

Providing support to students to achieve a task

Deficit-based approach

A traditional educational approach which focused on strengthening a student’s weak areas

Extrinsic Motivation (students)

Outside motive/incentive to learn or participate

Guided Reading

Reading done by students with teacher support where a teacher helps students read an assigned text either in a small group setting with the teacher or in a classroom

Genre (reading)

Form of text

Interest survey

Questions asked to measure the types of books they enjoy reading

Ongoing Assessment

An assessment that guides the pace and content of instruction

Syntax

Rules that govern the construction of words in order to make phrases, clauses, and sentences

Reading Intervention

A strategy applied to assist a struggling reader to become a proficient reader

Print concepts

General rules governing a text (like how to read it and in what order)

What should you do as a teacher to promote reading comprehension

Expose them to a variety of reasons to read

What are the levels of variety students need when reading?

Enjoyable books, genres and reading opportunities

What is measured in having a student read at home with their parents and is asked questions related to the main event(s) and resolution?

Plot analysis and Fluency Development

How is reading comprehension increased in students?

Asking questions during their reading

How can a teacher increase community collaboration?

Sending home reading assignments to do with family members

Environmental Print

Labels, billboards, signs, web pages, etc. that provide reading opportunities

How can families increase literacy development outside of school?

-Reading with students

-Discussing environmental print

-Writing together

-Praising writing assignments that are brought home

-Playing language games with children to increase phonological awareness