wh

The crusades

series of expeditions and wars over a roughly 200 year period

crusades

established the foundation for the development of middle ages culture

how many crusades in total

4

how many crusades had accomplished the goal of regaining christian control on the holy land

1

why did all the other crusades fail

due to distance from the europe to the holy land and the muslim empire surrounding

who did the nobles loose power to

monarchs

feudalism began to what?

slowly end

what did the church gain

more power (reached the height of its power during this time)

what was learned and developed

new weapons and warfare tactics

what increased across the middle ages europe

trade

what became center of middle ages trade for europe and gained great wealth

italian city states

what society began to expand its world view and realized it was behind after civilization in knowledge and technology

middle ages society

inspired the reconquista

helped lead to spain to become the dominant european power of the 1500s

individual rights

an expansion of liberty occurred beyond the nobles class for people living in towns

guilds

associations of towns people in a common business or trade that organized themselves

development of middle class society

growth in wealth that the population of guild created a new tier in the middle ages social class structure (in between nobles and peasants)

the crusades, trade and the growth of towns

established the foundation and structure of middle ages culture

language

common european languages of today

literature

hetoric epics, values and human qualities that middle ages society found admirable

contedbury tales by geoffrey chavcer

told stories from the view of the common people

divine comedy by dante Alighieri

told stores at an imagery journey through the different parts of the christian afterlife

education

development of european universities, program of study and a process for students to earn degrees

philosophy

development of scholasticism a method of thinking that attempted to bring faith and reason together

scholasticism

a method of thinking attempted by bring faith and reason together

who summarized the scholactiscism

st Thomas Aquinas

mathematics

developed hindu-arabic numerals that were easier to use the roman numerals

science

advances in winches and pulling systems to make lifting and pulling easier

Science

development of iron plows, improved animal harness design and improved agricultural techniques

art

development of illumination

Illumination

artistic style of writing and design used by monks to copy down important manuscripts

architecture

construction of some of the most famous churches and cathedrals

what kind of structures were in gothic architecture?

tall spines, flying buttresses, high walls, pointed arches, large stained glass windows, high ceilings

cathedral

still being rebuilt from 2019 fire