IB Geo - Human Development and Diversity

development

an improvement in the quality and quantity of life

hdi

human development index: composite measure of development that includes longevity, education index, and standard of living

ihdi

inequality adjusted human development index: hdi that measured the level of human development when inequality is accounted for

gii

gender inequality index: measures gender inequalities in the aspects reproductive health, empowerment, economic status

micro finance

the provision of financial services for entrepreneurs and small businesses. it allows those who would normally be unable to borrow from large banking institutions the opportunity to obtain loans.

gdp

the total value of goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time

gni

the total value of goods and services produced within a country, plus income and payments from abroad (e.g. remittances)

empowerment

the process through which individual or groups gain the knowledge, skills, opportunities, and resources needed to achieve equality, assert their rights, and actively participate in social, economic, political, and cultural spheres

intersectionality

a framework that describes how our overlapping social identities relate to social structures of racism and oppression, merging many identity markers, including race, class, gender, sexual orientation, age, ethnicity, religion, disability, and more to create a more truthful and complex identity

diaspora

migrants or descendants of migrants, whose identity and sense of belonging have been shaped by their migration experience and background

fair trade

trade that attempts to be socially, economically, and environmentally responsible and which companies take responsibility for the wider impact of their business

csr

corporate social responsibility: the attempts of companies to assess the social, economic, and environmental impacts of their activities

culture

the way of life or characteristics of a group of people

cultural traits

the different aspects of cultures including language, beliefs, dress, religion, food, etc.

cultural hybridity

the intermixing of different cultures

cultural imperialism

the practice of promoting the culture of one nation in another

indigenous people

an ethnic group with historical ties to a particular geographic location

consumer culture

an economy based around the purchase of material possessions and services and the idea that buying them leads to happiness

glocalisation

combined the word globalisation and localisation. glocalisation is the adaptation of global products to meet the demands of the local market

homogenisation of landscapes

the process of places becoming more uniform or similar to each other

anti-globalisation

opposition to the global economic system and the demands for a more democratic and equal system

global civil society

individual, associations and movements, independent of the state. which aim to change policies and social structures at local, national, or international levels

populism

political ideas that appeal to the ordinary person that feel neglected by the elite

protectionism

when policies are set up to shield a country’s domestic industries from from foreign competition

comparative advantage

when a country can produce a good or service at a lower cost than another

resource nationalism

the process of governments asserting control and taking ownership of their natural resources