Unit 1 US History

John Smith

\-strong leader in Jamestown

\-created peace between the colony and the Native Americans

Nathaniel Bacon

\-started a private army\\

\-Bacon's Rebellion (which is the most hilarious name)

Separatists

\-form of Puritans

\-pilgrims

\-founded Plymouth

Quakers

\-religious group

\-quite opposite of Puritans

\-believed in equality

William Penn

\-Quaker

\-founded Pennsylvania

Joint-stock Company

\-a group of investors work with the mother country to set up a government

\-money and funds come from investors

Royal Colony

\-one governor in charge, appointed by the king

\-money and funds and such come from the king

Georgia Colony

Founded to create a barrier or buffer between the Spanish owned southern land and the Northern British owned land. It was the last of the original 13 colonies, founded by James Oglethorpe on April 21, 1732.

Why were the original colonies established?

Money (because why does anyone do anything)

\-> most of the settlers were looking for gold that would be brought back to England. Yes, religion was a large factor, but money was a top priority

Where did settlers come from?

England

Describe the Jamestown settlement ("The Starving Time")

When the settlers came to Jamestown they were originally looking for gold. Their plan was to find gold, take it, and leave. But when they got to the New World, there was no gold to be found. By that time however, it was winter and they had to stay there. Unfortunately, hardly anyone had the skills to settle so before they could bring in help (slaves), they went through a hard time of lack of food and resources known as the starving time

What were the main goals of the Puritans?

\-They wanted to establish religious colonies where religion ran everyday life (no separation of church and state--very scary idea)

\-> some examples are Plymouth and Massachusetts

Who could vote in colonial America?

Land-owning adult males (god bless white men, having everything since colonial times)

Salutary Neglect

an English policy of relaxing the enforcement of regulations in its colonies in return for the colonies' continued economic loyalty

Describe mercantilism

\-The idea that the purpose of the colonies was to benefit the mother country--Britain

\-Their job was to help Britain become wealthier

\-Purely economic

Describe the Navigation Acts

\-The navigation acts were a series of laws that tightened control over the colonies. They discouraged the colonies from doing any trade with countries other than England.

\-England wanted colonies to be exclusive to them, there was extreme taxation on any goods that were traded with other countries

Indentured Servants

Colonists who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years

What were major crops in the South?

Tobacco, rice, indigo

Which area is known as the 'bread basket'?

The middle colonies

What colony was a haven for debtors?

Georgia

Which colony did the Quakers establish?

Pennsylvania

Which colonies had religious toleration laws?

Rhode Island, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and eventually New York (when under British rule)

Describe the Northern economy

The economy in the north was focused in trade and industry, port cities, fur trade, whale hunting

Describe the Southern economy

The economy in the south was largely made up of staple crops (i.e. tobacco, rice, indigo) produced on large plantations, as well as slave trade

Describe the economy of the Middle colonies

A mix of the north and the south, mainly agriculture and farming. The middle colonies were known as the 'bread basket' because the farms produced grain, wheat, rye, corn, beans, etc.

What was the status of women in the colonies? (legal rights, daily activities, regional differences, etc.)

\-single or widowed women could own land

\-in the south women could run plantations

\-in charge of household duties

\->in the north religion played a large role so they didn't have as many rights, however in the south religion didn't play as large of a role

\-Women had more rights in the Middle Colonies

What was the status of Africans in the colonies? (legal rights, daily activities, regional differences, etc.)

\-very few rights

\-worse in the south than the north

What was Bacon's rebellion?

The revolt against Virginia's government. They wanted to get rid of the Native Americans and they were also displeased with the government (unfair treatment of lower classes)

Describe and explain the Triangular Trade Route and the Middle Passage

It was the trade route between New England, West Africa, and the West Indies (see diagram in notes)

Navigation Acts

Acts passed in 1660 passed by British parliament to increase colonial dependence on Great Britain for trade; limited goods that were exported to colonies; caused great resentment in American colonies.

Great Awakening

Religious revival in the American colonies of the eighteenth century during which a number of new Protestant churches were established.- People challenged Authority more

Middle Passage

A voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies

Pequot War

Conflict between English settlers and Pequot Indians over control of land and trade in eastern Connecticut

King Philip's War

longest and bloodiest conflict between settlers and natives in 17th century, native Wampanoags under KIng Phillip ( Indian Chieftain) resisted England encroachment on their land, they killed many settlers in Mass, English joined with Mohawks to defeat them

Cash crops in the south

cotton, rice, tobacco, and sugar cane

African contributions

okra, rice cultivation, creative language, call & response, watermelon, sweet potatoes, and yams. shotgun houses