**Chpt 11: Objective Health and Well Being

These are the required objectives

Healthy Psychology

A field that explores the interplay between psychological factors and physical health, emphasizing the importance of mental well-being in achieving overall health.

How are health psychology and well being related?

Health psychology examines how mental processes affect physical health, suggesting that mental well-being is integral to achieving and maintaining overall health.

Biopsychosocial model

A comprehensive approach to health that considers biological, psychological, and social factors in understanding health outcomes and patient care.

3 Factors involved in Biopsychosocial Model

Biological, psychological, and social factors that influence health outcomes.

BMI

Body Mass Index, a measure used to assess body weight in relation to height, indicating if a person is underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese.

How is overeating, social and genetic factors involved in obesity.

Obesity is influenced by overeating, which can be linked to social factors such as environment and cultural norms, as well as genetic predispositions that affect metabolism and fat storage.

Anorexia Nervosa

An eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight, leading to severe restriction of food intake and a distorted body image.

Bulimia Nervosa

An eating disorder characterized by episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as vomiting, excessive exercise, or fasting.

Binge-eating

disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of eating large quantities of food, often quickly and to the point of discomfort, followed by feelings of guilt or shame.

Stress

a physical and emotional response to demanding situations, which can affect overall health and well-being.

Stressor

Any event or condition that causes stress.

Stress Response

the body's physiological and psychological reactions to stress, including changes in heart rate, blood pressure, and hormone levels.

How are stress, stressors, and stress responses related?

Stress is the result of stressors that trigger a stress response in the body, affecting health and well-being.

Major life stressors

significant events or changes in life that induce stress, such as divorce, job loss, or the death of a loved one.

Daily hassles

minor irritations and annoyances in everyday life that can accumulate and contribute to stress.

General Adaptation Syndrome

A three-stage model describing the physiological response to stress, including alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.

Alarm Phase

The initial reaction to a stressor, where the body prepares to deal with the threat through the fight-or-flight response, leading to physiological changes such as increased heart rate and adrenaline release.

Resistance Phase

The second phase in General Adaptation Syndrome where the body attempts to adapt to the ongoing stressor, maintaining elevated levels of physiological arousal and coping mechanisms.

Exhaustion Stage

The final phase in General Adaptation Syndrome, occurring when the body's resources are depleted after prolonged exposure to stress, resulting in decreased immune function and increased susceptibility to illness.

Fight or flight response

A physiological reaction to perceived threats, preparing the body to either confront or flee from danger. This response involves increased heart rate, rapid breathing, and the release of stress hormones.

Tend-and-befriend response

A coping strategy characterized by nurturing behaviors and forming social connections in response to stress, particularly in females. This approach contrasts with the fight-or-flight response and emphasizes the importance of social support.

Type A

personality is characterized by high levels of competitiveness, impatience, and a sense of urgency, often associated with increased stress and health risks.

Type B

A personality type characterized by a laid-back, relaxed demeanor, and typically less competitive and aggressive than Type A individuals.

Primary appraisal

The initial evaluation process individuals use to determine whether an event is a threat or a challenge, influencing their emotional response and coping strategies.

Secondary appraisal

the evaluation of one's ability to cope with a given stressor, focusing on resources and potential strategies for managing the demand.

Emotion focused coping

A coping strategy that attempts to manage emotional distress rather than addressing the source of the stress. It often involves seeking social support, expressing emotions, or engaging in relaxation techniques.

Problem focused coping

A coping strategy that aims to directly address and resolve the source of stress, often through problem-solving, planning, and taking actionable steps.

Positive psychology

A branch of psychology that studies positive aspects of human life, such as well-being, happiness, and fulfillment, emphasizing strengths and virtues.

How is positive psychology associated with well-being?

Positive psychology is associated with well-being by focusing on enhancing positive emotions and strengths, promoting resilience, and nurturing personal growth, which contribute to overall life satisfaction and fulfillment.

Five ways to stay healthy

Biopsychosocial: Psychological factors

that influence health and well-being, including thoughts, emotions, behaviors, stress, lifestyle, and health beliefs.

Biopsychosocial Model: Biological characteristics:

the genetic predispositions, exposure to germs, brain and other nervous system development.

Biopsychosocial Model: Social Conditions:

the environmental factors, socioeconomic status, cultural influences, family relationships, and social support systems that affect health outcomes.