History ch.15 & 16

Robert E. Lee (1807-1870)

was a Virginia military general who became the commander of the Confederate forces during the Civil War. Who is loyalty to his home state and made him turn down Lincoln's request to become a general for the union .On April 9, 1865, Lee surrendered his forces to Union General Grant at Appomattox Court House.

Greenback

Paper money

Habeas Corpus

The right of an arrested person to be brought before a judge before going to jail

attrition

The inability to backfill we needed

Anaconda Plan

A military strategy during the Civil War in which the north planned to set up a blockade around the southern coast to ruin the South's economy and secure ports on the Mississippi river; much as a huge snake, like an anaconda crushes it prey

"Stonewall Jackson"

Thomas Jackson held the line in the battle of the bull run so bravely someone said he was "standing like a stone wall!" and that nickname stuck for the rest of his life

Irvin McDowell

Union general at the First Battle of the Bull Run

Blockade runner

ship that runs through a blockade, usually to smuggle goods through a protected area

David G. Farragut

Admiral of the Union Navy during the Civil War. Led the daring attack on New Orleans the led to the Union's control of the Mississippi River.

What are the advantages of the North?

-Had a larger population

- had a big industry and manufacturing

- this provided money and supplies

- they also had more railroad lines

- overall was wealthier and stronger banks

What are the disadvantages of the North?

- North had poor military leadership

- the war wasn’t always popular amongst northern citizens

South advantages

- Had the home field advantage

- they were defending their own territory so they knew the land, in many battles

South disadvantages

- did not have a lot of industry(more agricultural)

-had very weak government

Souths strategy

- defensive war

- wear out the union troops to the point they would be ready to negotiate

Norths strategy

Anaconda plan: blockade all Confederate ports, cutting of supplies, and to invade the south through the MS River, splitting the confederacy

When did the civil war begin and end?

Began 1861, ended 1865

What was the first major battle of the civil war?

First Bull Run(Manassas), July 1861

Where did General Thomas "stonewall" Jackson get his nickname?

In the First Bull Run, he was holding the line so bravely, someone said "he's like a stonewall!"

What did the north and south realize after the First Bull Run?

Both sides realized the war would be easy as they had thought

What place did Farragut capture?

He captured New Orleans in April 1862. The city was occupied which allowed the union to control the mouth of the MS River

When did Shiloh occur? And what happened?

April 1862, the confederates led a surprise attack on Grant. But when the north’s reinforcements arrived, Grant was able to push back the confederates. 13,047 casualties. This was shocking to both the north and south. This was the first major battle in the West

Who is the confederate president? And who is the Union president?

Jefferson Davis, and Abraham Lincoln

Where was general Joe Johnston wounded?

He was wounded in the War in the East, and then replaced by Robert E. Lee.

What happened at Antietam?

-Lee convinced Jeff. Davis to let him invade and liberate Maryland.

September 17, 1862

-The set of orders was lost and intercepted by the Union

So now the union knew of lee's plan

-Technically a draw, but the confeds. Were forced to retreat but Mclellan didn't pursue them

-The confeds. Lost any chance of the British supporting them after losing on Union soil

-It was the bloodiest single-day battle, with almost 23,000 casualties.

Emancipation Proclamation

-Lincoln decided to make the end of slavery a goal of the war

- issued September 22, 1862

- didn't affect slavery in Border States and freed no one

How did the south and the north's economies do during the war?

-South's economy suffered because of shortages of supplies and food

- north's economy grew as industries expanded to produce supplies for the war

- this led to labor shortages so women started to work outside of the home as nurses

African Americans in the war

Emancipation Proclamation allowed African Americans to enlist in the Union army. 54th Massachusetts

What was the 54th Massachusetts?

The first and most famous all African American unit during the Civil War., led by William Shaw

How was the military life?

-Little supplies

-lived in unsanitary conditions, most died of diseases

- Doctors didn’t know about germs or how they spread, and used contaminated instruments causing diseases to spread more

Who is Clara Barton?

Founder of the American Red Cross, and served as a nurse in the civil war

What did women do in the war?

They served as nurses, and some dressed up as men to go and fight

When did Vicksburg surrender?

July 4, 1863

Fredericksburg

-December 1862

- union suffered more than twice as many casualties as confederates

Chancellorsville

-May 1863, Lees troops attacked Hooker's in dense woods

-Hooker was forced to retreat

- Gen. "Stonewall" Jackson was shot by a confed. solider who thought he was the enemy

-his arm was amputated and got infected

- he died a week later

-Robert Lee said in response to him getting injured. "He has lost his left arm, but I've lost my right."

Gettys burg

3 day battle!!!

Day one:

-the confeds. ran into union troops and were forced to retreat

Day two:

-Lee attacked the ends of the union lines,(little round top) but couldn’t force them from their positions

Day three:

- “Pickett’s Charge”- massive assault on the union center

-about 1/3 of Pickett’s men were killed or wounded

- Gettysburg was a MAJOR TURNING POINT bc it restored unions confidence

Where was the souths last attempt of an offensive war?

After the loss of Gettysburg, July 4, 1863 the south left northern soil for the last time

When was the Gettysburg Address?

November 1863, Lincoln gave a speech at the dedication of a cemetery in Gettysburg . Lincoln said the war was “a new birth of freedom”

What did Grant say to the other generals?

"We need total warfare to win this war."

Why was Grant sent to Virginia?

To defeat Lee's army, he engaged lees army almost const attempting to wear them out

Sherman's March to the Sea

November 1864

- Sherman marched from Atlanta to Savannah, GA

-destroyed everything in their path(60 miles wide)

- left Sherman neck ties with the railroads

How did Lee surrender?

He realized his army didn't have the supplies or manpower to continue, he surrendered to General Grant at Appomattox courthouse

Terms of surrender for confederates after the war

The soldiers were allowed to go free and keep their weapons if they agreed not to fight

What was the aftermath of the war?

-it strengthened the federal government over the states

-Ended slavery

What questions did the end of the war raise?

How to deal with defeated southern states? What to do about ex slaves?

What was the draft?

Men that were called to serve in a war when there was a lack of volunteers to do so, this was for the first time ever

Homestead act

law that gave 160 acres of land to citizens willing to live on and cultivate it for five years

How was the south devastated after the war?

Geographically ,politically ,and economically

13th Amendment (1865)

abolished slavery

Who were the Civil War generals of the north?

1. Irvin McDowell

2. George McClellan

3. Ambrose Burnside

4. Joseph Hooker

5. Ulysses Grant

Who were the Civil War generals of the south?

1. Joe Johnston

2. Robert E. Lee