Criminal Psychology

aim (raine)

to study brain activity in murderers and non murderers using PET to find out if there is differences in areas thought to be linked to violent behaviour

sample size (raine)

41

how many males in raine’s sample

39

how many females in raine’s sample

2

what does ngri mean

not guilty on reasons of insanity

what were the control group of non murderers matched with to the murderer group (raine)

age, sex and for 6 ppts schiz…

how long did the cpt go on for (raine)

32 mins

why were ppts scanned in cpt (raine)

it upped activity in the areas of interest for normal ppts

where was raine’s sample from

california

mean age of raine’s sample

34.3 yrs

what thalamus did ppts have reduced activity

left thalamus

what thalamus did ppts have increased activity

right thalamus

what amygdala did ppts have increased activity

right amygdala

what amygdala did ppts have reduced activity

left amaygdala

did the corpus callosum have increased or decreased activity

decreased activity in the corpus callosum

did the cerebullum have increased or decreased activity

increased activity in the cerebullum

did the left hippocampus have increased or decreased activity

decreased activity in the left hippocampus

did the right hippocampus have increased or decreased activity

increased activity in the right hippocampus

hall and player aim

to investigate if fingerprint experts were emotionally affected by the case details in the report

hall and player side aim

if emotional context would bias judgements of expert analysts

hall and player- sample size

70

range of experience for the fingerprint analysts in the hall and player sample

under 3mths to over 30yrs

mean experience for the fingerprint analysts in the hall and player sample

11yrs

hall and player sampling technique

self selecting

what was scanned and superimposed onto a £50 pound note in hall and player

a fingermark

what did hall and player sample have to compare images

magnifying glass and optical magnifier

what measures of design was used in hall and player

imd

ppts were asked to elaborate their findings providing what

observations/opinions

what percentage of the sample in the high emotional context scenario said it affected them

52%

what percentage of the sample in the low emotional context scenario said it affected them

6%

what gene is linked to antisocial behaviour

MAOA gene

what is PET

a neuroimaging technique to observe metabolic processes in the brain

one conclusion from hall and player

emotional context does affect expert’s feelings but does not influence the final outcome of their analysis

what did the chi square test show in hall and player

no relationship between emotional context and seeing the mark as evidence

what is blinding precaution

used in research studies to prevent bias in results

what is blinding verification

the process of determining if a clinical trial or study has been blinded properly

how many cognitive techniques are focused on in theme 1 of memon and higham

4

what can the cognitive interview help collect

more accurate details from witnesses

what does the p in peace model stand for

preparation and planning

what does the e in peace model stand for

engage and explain

what does the a in peace model stand for

account, challenge

what does the c in peace model stand for

closure

what does the 2nd e in peace model stand for

evaluation

what was the received pronunciation also called in dixon et al

standard accent

what was the received pronunciation in dixon et al

clear english used by BBC newsreaders

what was the iv in dixon et al relating to accent type

brummie or standard

what was the iv in dixon et al relating to race

black or white

what was the iv in dixon et al relating to crime type

blue or white collar

who typically committed white collar crimes

upper class

who typically committed blue collar crimes

working class

an example of a white collar crime

fraud

an example of a blue collar crime

robbery

where did dixon et al take place

worcester

how large was the sample in dixon

119

what race was the sample in dixon

white

how many males were in dixon’s sample

24

how many females were in dixon’s sample

95

what did ppts listen to in dixon

a recording of a reinactment of a real police interview with the use of a transcript

how many points were on the scale that ppts rated the suspects guilt

7

what was on the two ends of the scale ranging from that ppts rated the suspects guilt on

innocent to guilty

one result from dixon relating to accent

brummie accent was rated as more guilty than the rp accent

one result from dixon relating to race

black suspects were seen as more guilty

one result from dixon relating to type of crime committed

blue collar crimes seen as more guilty

things that crime can have an impact on (wilson and kelling)

community, loss of earnings to businesses and individuals, cost of repairing damage

what is newman’s defensible space theory

it aims to reduce crime by creating environments that promote territorial reinforcement and a sense of ownership among residents

what can disorder increase among citizens

fear

what does the broken windows metaphor suggest

a broken window left unrepaired suggests that no one cares about the property

what does disorder lead to

a decrease in social controls and an increase in crime

in what year did wilson and kelling’s study come out

1982

aim (wilson and kelling)

to challenge existing beliefs about the fear of crime and the role of police

sample (wilson and kelling)

the article is a discussion piece so does not use a particular sample

one result of the newark foot patrol’s 5yr update relating to precautions

residents felt crime had been reduced so took fewer precautions

what did the newark foot patrol improve

community relations

what did the newark foot patrol maintain

public order by preventing crime by creating a fear factor for the criminals

what is target hardening

altering the cost vs benefit of committing a crime making it less attractive for potential culprits

examples of target hardening

bike locks makes it harder to use and sell

what was the measures design in haney

imd

what type of experiment was haney

lab

the iv of haney

the condition ppts were allocated to

the dv of haney

the resulting behaviour after the role had been assigned

how large was the sample in haney

22

what gender was the sample in haney

male

how much was the sample in haney paid for 2wks

15USD a day

what sampling technique was used in haney

self selecting

what was the environment in haney like

a prison environment, 3 small cells with no light, with the only furniture being a bed and a small closet used for solitary confinement

what was in the contract which ppts signed in haney

basic needs with human rights suspended under serveillance

how many meals did ppts get in haney

3 meals per day

how many supervised toilet visits did ppts get in haney

3 supervised toilet visits per day

how many prisoners were released due to extreme emotional depression

5

were alot of the guards passive in haney

very few were passive; some went far beyond their roles and engaged in cruelty and harassment

what percentage of conversation was linked to prison conditions

90%

what percentage of conversation was linked to life outside of the prison conditions

10%

what factors were the reason for behaviour in haney

situational factors