psychology exam 2

chsrscteristics of suicide

1. beleif that things will never change and that suicide is the only solution

2. desire to escape psychological pain and distressing thoughts and feelings

3. triggering events including conflicts and feelings of depression, hoplessnes, guilt, anger, or shame

4. perceived inability to make progress toward goals or to solve problems; related feelings of failure, worthlessness, and hoplessness

5. ambivalence about suicide; there is a strong underlying desire to live

6. scuicidal intent is communicated directly through verbal or behavioral cues

3 step assessment process for scuicide

Step 1: Identify Suicidal Ideation

Step 2: Assess Suicidal Intent, Plan, and Means

Step 3: Evaluate Suicide Risk Level and Take Action

statistics for scuice

18-25 10.5% serious thoughts about suicide

3.7% had scuice plans

1.9% attempted

extra scuice death stats

every 15 minutes someone takes their life

132 ppl die from scuice each day

men are 3.6 times more likely to kts

white men are most likely

high lethality

many risk factors present

plan well thought out and method extremely fatal

imminent danger

high lethality actions

hospitilization

suicide watch

moderate lethality

some risk factors present

scuicide ideation, but not specific

less lethal method considered

moderate ;lethality actions

preventive counseling

monitoring

develop a crisis plan

low lethality

minimal risk factors present

vague reference to suicide, but no real intent verbalized

low lethality actions

asess for suicidal ideation

referral for potential counseling

provide crisis number

scuicide rates for young kids

scuidice rates for children is at its highest

gap between boys and girls is narrowing

higher percentage for kids with higher screen times

young black children 2x likely to kts than white kids

higher percentage for black girls 60% B 182% G

hypomania

a mild form of mania, marked by elation and hyperactivity.

mania

a state of abnormally elevated mood, energy, and activity levels that can last for several days or weeks

depression mood

sadness, emptiness, worthlessness, apathy

hypomania/mania mood

elevated mood, extreme confidence, grandiosity, irritability, hostility

depression cognitive symptoms

pessimism, guilt, difficulty concentrating, negative/suicidal thoughts

hypomania/mania cognitive symptoms

disorentation, racing thoughts, decreased focus and attention, creativity, poor judgement

depression behavioral symptoms

social withdrawal, crying, low energy, lowered productivity, agitation, poor hygeine

hypomania/mania behavioral symptoms

overactivity, rapid or incoherent speech, impulsivity, risk taking behaviors

depression Physiological

appetite and weight changes, sleep disturbances, aches and pain, loss of sex drive

hypomania/mania physiological

high levels of arousal, decreased sleep, increased sex drive

Rumination

continually thinking about upsetting topics or repeatedly reviewing distressing events

emotional lability

unstable and rapidly changing emotions and mood

grandiosity

feeling superior to others

major depressive disorder

much higher in females

persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)

much higher in females

chronic depressive symptoms that are present most of the day than most for a 2 year period

premenstural dysphoric disorder

serious symptoms of depression, irritability, and tension that appears the week before menstration and dissapear after menstruation ends

major depressive disorder with season pattern

higher in women

classified as a condition involving at least two seasonal episodes of severe depression ending at a predictable time of year combined with a pattern of depressive episodes that occur more seasonally.

persistent complex bereavement disorder

intense and peristent deliberating sorrow for over a year after a loved one has died

bipolar 1 disorder

at least one weeklong manic episode (most severe)

mixed features or depressive episodes are common, but not required for diagnosis

possible psychotic features

bipolar 2 disorder

at least one major depressive episode

at least one hypomanic episode

no history of mania

cyclothymic disorder

periods involving milder hypomanic symptoms alternating with milder depression for at least 2 years(with no more than 2 months free)

symptoms have never met criteria for hypomanic, manic, or major depressive disorder

panic disorder

recurrent unexpected panic attacks in combination with apprehension over having another attack or worry about the consequences of an attack

or changes in behavior or activities designed to avoid another panic attacks

generalized anxiety disorder

persistent, high levels of anxiety and excessive difficult to control worry over life

obsessive compulsive disorder

obsessions, which are persistent anxiety producing thoughts or images and hour long a day compulsions which involve the overwhelming need to engage in activities or mental acts to counteract anxiety or prevent the occurrence of a dreaded event

adjustment disorder

when someone has difficulty coping with or adjusting to a specific life stressors/ reactions are disproportionate to the severity

acute stress disorder vs post traumatic stress disorder

ASD is a short-term, immediate reaction to trauma, while PTSD is a long-term, persistent disorder that develops if symptoms continue beyond a month.

acrophobia

heights

aliurophobia

cats

algophobia

pain

astrapophobia

storms, thunder, lightning

dementophobia

insanity

genophobia

fear of sexual relations

hematophobia

blood

microphobia

germs

monophobia

being alone

mysophobia

contamination/germs

nyctophobia

dark

pathophobia

disease

trypophobia

holes

phonophobias

phobias

pyrophobia

fire

xenophobia

strangers

agoraphobia

Agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder characterized by an intense fear of situations where escape might be difficult or help may not be available

anorexia Nervosa

extreme thiness where body image is distorted/ fear of gaining weight

purging

bulimia nervosa

reccurent episodes of binge eating that occur once a week for 3 months or more

avoid weight by purging

binge eating disorder

binge eating one a week for at least 3 months

no purging

men and women body image issues

women want to be slimmer and men want to be more muscular

weight in men and women

black women is heavyset

white man is heavyset

treatment for AN, BM, and BE

AN: restore weight and address medical complications associated with starvation, family therapy

BM: encouraging consumption of three balanced meals a day, reducing rigid food rules, sometimes antidepressants

BE: reduction of weight and healthy diet, antidepressants and cognitive behavioral therapy

black vs white women body images

white - thinner

black thicker

white- perfect body

black- confidence, grooming, and confidence

white- beauty leaves in age

black- more beautiful in age

stimulants

induce feelings of euphporia/elation

ex: caffeine, amphetemines, coke crack

depressants

slows person down/ relaxers

ex: alcohol

hallucinagens

produce vivid sensory images

ex: lsd, saliva, psilocybin, mescaline

substances with mixed chemicals

intensifies/synergies effects

nicotine, inhalants, cannabis

dissociative anesthetics

dreamlike detachment

ex: phencylidine “angel dust”, ketamine (special K), dextrometrophan

unipolar disorders

major depressive disorder, persistent depressive disorder, seasonal depression

bipolar disorders

bipolar 1, bipolar 2, cyclothymic disorder

anxiety disorders

panic disorders

• situation bound

• situationally predisposed

• unexpected

generalized anxiety disorder- worry about everything

obsessive compulsive disorder