\
The HOME (Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment ) samples various aspects of children’s home life including organization and safety of living space, intellectual stimulation offered by parents, whether children have books of hteir own, amoun of parent-child interaction, parent’s emotional support for the child and so on to assess the family environments of children from birth to age 3 years.
Throughout childhood, children’s IQ scores as well as their math and reading achievement scores are positively correlated with scores on the HOME.
It may mean that parent’s genes influence both the intellectual quality of the home environment and children’s IQ scores so the home intellectual environment may not cause the child to have a higher or lower IQ.
Shared and non-shared family environments
Each child within a given family encounters unique, non-shared environments (ex. given more attention by parents).
The influence of the non-shared environment decrases with age as children become increasingly able to choose their own friends and activities.
Relative influence of shared environments and genetics varies with family income (socioeconomic cirumstances).
\
Project Head Start
type | description | professions |
---|---|---|
linguistic | appreciation of the ways langugae can be used, master of syntax, sensitivity to meanings adn sounds of words | poet, political speaker, teacher |
logical-mathematical | understanding of objects and symbols and relations between them and ability to identify problems and seek explanations | mathematician, scientist |
spatial | capacity to percieve visual world accurately and utilize that | artist, engineer, chess master |
musical | sensitivity to components of music with an understanding of ways to combine them into larger musical structures along wtih awareness of emotional aspects of music \n | musician, composer |
naturalistic | sensitivity to and understnading of aspects of nature | biologist, farmer, conservationist |
bodily-kinesthetic | use of one’s body in highly skilled ways for expressive or goal-directed pruposes | dancer, athelete, actor |
intrapersonal | ability to draw on one’s emotions to guide and understand one’s behaviour | novelist, ther apist, parent |
interpersonal | ability to notice and make distinctions among moods, motivations and intentions of other people | political leader, religious leader, parent, teacher, therapist |
5 stages of reading development
Stage 0 (birth to 1st grade)
Stage 1 (1st and 2nd grades)
Stage 2 (2nd and 3rd grades)
Stage 3 (4th to 8th grades)
Stage 4 (8th to 12th grades)
Strategies
The most common inital strategies for solving arithmetic are counting from 1, and recalling answers from memory.
When children do arithmetic on a daily basis, they add new strategies.
Children use similarly varied strategies on addition, subtraction, division, and multiplication.
Children choose which strategies to use in extremely adaptive and sensible ways.
As children gain experience with answers to single-digit problems, their strategy choices shift towards retrieval. This learning process is the same as phonological recoding to visually based retrieval in reading, which speeds things up.
Understanding numerical magnitudes
Conceptual understanding of arithmetic
Cultural influences
\