AP US History Period 3: 1754 - 1800 The Crisis of Empire, Revolution, and Nation Building

Noah Webster

saw the US as a tolerant, rational, democratic nation, and published a speller, grammar, and reader for American schoolchildren- with Americanized spellings such as theater instead of theatre.

Continental Army

constantly underfunded and short of basic supplies because Congress did not have the ability to levy taxes and had to ask states for funds.

John Jay

was sent to Britain and came back with a treaty where Britain agreed to withdraw from the West after 18 months without any compensation to shippers or planters for lost slaves.

PA

attracted immigrants because of the land and need for workers, other states were not so hospitable- south was dominated by slavery and the north by Puritanism.

Second Continental Congress

ratified the Declaration of Independence, with a list of grievances and containing key elements of Locke's natural rights theory.

Washington

was determined to regain control north of the Ohio, defeating the Indians in the Battle of Fallen Timber in 1794, and native groups gave up claims to most of Ohio in the Treaty of Greenville Internal Migrations, Frontier Cultures, and Tensions in the Backcountry.

Hamilton

proposed a national bank, which would hold the governments tax revenues and act as a stabilizing force on the economy- 20 % publicly and 80 % privately controlled.

Northwest Territory

eventually became Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin The Constitutional Convention and Debates Over Ratification Compromise and the Framing of the Constitution.

Sedition Act

made it a crime to defame the president or Congress (seemed to challenge free- speech guarantees of the recently ratified First Amendment)

Federalism

the evolving relationship between the national government and the states.

Virginia

legislature was dissolved by Britain, the First Continental Congress met in Philadelphia in September and October 1774 with representatives from all colonies except Georgia.

legislative branch

has the power to levy taxes, regulate trade, coin money, establish post offices, declare war, and approve treaties.

American Revolution

started a series of revolutions that kept with Enlightenment thinking but also articulated a new set of ideas about governance, individual liberty, and reason.

Jefferson

opposed to the Alien and Sedition Acts that they proposed the idea that a state could nullify a law it found to be inconsistent with the Constitution The Struggle for Neutrality in the 1790s.

Bulfinch

brought the Federal style to the US- a style imbued with Greek and Roman elements Movement in the Early Republic Migrations, American Indians, and Shifting Alliances.

Craftsmen

made up the bulk of both local militias and the Continental Army in the Revolutionary War.

Framers

built a system of checks and balances.

Britain

Expansion and overlapping land claims led to a war with France.

Mercy Otis Warren

wrote a three volume History of the Revolution.

Junipero Serra

was instrumental in founding the 21 missions in California- both religious missions and military outposts.

Administration of Justice Act

allowed trials to be moved from Massachusetts to Britain- removing the ability to be judged by ones own countrymen.

Shayss Rebellion

occurred right before the Philadelphia convention, and the delegates were ready to scrap the Articles and write something new Organizing the Northwest Territory.

Naturalization Act

made it more difficult for foreigners to achieve American citizenship.

Jedidiah Morse

insisted American schoolchildren use American textbooks.

Democratic Republicans

Tended to be more critical of the British, more supportive of the French Revolution, more critical of centralized authority, and more favorable to agricultural interests.

France

Surrendered its North American empire- Canada and east of Mississippi to Britain and West of Mississippi River to Spain Debt and Taxation Following the French and Indian War.

Paine

________ advocated that colonies declare independence, and put the blame of the crisis on King George III.

Basic rights

life, liberty, and property Common Sense, The Declaration of Independence, and Republican Self- Government.

Alien Friends Alien Enemies Act

allowed president to imprison and deport noncitizens.

Mason Weems

wrote The Life of Washington.

Virginia Plan

Advocated for a bicameral legislature with representatives proportional to the population whereas the New Jersey Plan called for a unicameral legislature with each state having one vote.

Backcountry Virginians

________ were resentful of Governor William Berkeley and the House of Burgesses, arguing that they paid a disproportionate amount of taxes and were not represented in the House, and that government was not taking sufficient action against natives.

jury indictments

Prohibits authorities from trying a suspect twice for the same crime, and from forcing a suspect to testify against themselves, and from seizing someones property.

French Revolution

Federalists tended to be more pro- British, more critical of the ________, more friendly to urban, commercial interest, more critical of the ________, and more ready to use the power of the federal government to influence economic activity.

Quebec Act

Let Catholics in Quebec freely practice their religion, which Protestant Bostonians saw as an attack on their faith.

importance of women

The ________ during the Revolution set the stage for the evolution of ideas around gender.

Republican motherhood

Did not mean political equality between men and women, but simply asserted that women had a role to play in civic life- that women were active agents in maintaining public virtue.

Future president William Henry Harrison

________ passed the Harrison Land Law, making it easier for ordinary settlers to buy land.

executive branch

The ________, the president, is to suggest legislation, command armed forces, and nominate judges.

Great Compromise

Created a house of representatives and a senate The Constitution and Slavery- Compromise and Postponement.

vigilante group of Scots Irish

A(n) ________ organized raids against American Indians, and presented their grievances to the PA legislature- bitterness to Indians and the Quaker elite for being lenient towards Indians Taxation Without Representation Colonial Resistance to British Policies in the Aftermath of the French and Indian War.

Hamilton

Encouraged manufacturing by imposing tariffs on foreign- made goods and subsidizing American industry.

British

The ________ had a highly trained, professional army, the strongest navy, and substantial financial resources, and also had the support of the Loyalists in the colonies.

Washington

Established several traditions and customs that came to be known as the Unwritten Constitution.

Local affair

continuation of skirmishes between British and French colonists

Full takeover of the war by Britain, seizing supplies and forcing colonists to join the war

the colonists resisted

France surrendered its North American empire

Canada and east of Mississippi to Britain and West of Mississippi River to Spain Debt and Taxation Following the French and Indian War

Faced the most intense colonial opposition

other acts were seen as trade regulations, however, this was a direct tax designed purely to raise revenue

PA attracted immigrants because of the land and need for workers, other states were not so hospitable

south was dominated by slavery and the north by Puritanism

A vigilante group of Scots-Irish organized raids against American Indians, and presented their grievances to the PA legislature

bitterness to Indians and the Quaker elite for being lenient towards Indians Taxation Without Representation Colonial Resistance to British Policies in the Aftermath of the French and Indian War

By 1768, colonial leaders called for boycotts

homespun clothing was produced and Americans sought locally produced goods

Britain deployed royal troops to Boston because of the rioting

but their presence angered Bostonians; they disagreed with military in times of peace

The Administration of Justice Act allowed trials to be moved from Massachusetts to Britain

removing the ability to be judged by ones own countrymen

This phrase was sent by Abigail Adams to her husband John Adams in hopes that issues in gender inequality might be resolved

many women found analogies in tyranny of a king to tyranny of a husband over his wife

It was the concept that women had civic responsibilities in the evolving culture of the new nation

John Locke asserted that marriage should involve a greater degree of consent

Republican motherhood did not mean political equality between men and women, but simply asserted that women had a role to play in civic life

that women were active agents in maintaining public virtue

Finally, the slaves rebelled, led by Toussaint L'Ouverture and aided by Spanish troops

which led many in the US to fear a slave rebellion of their own

The Great Compromise created a house of representatives and a senate The Constitution and Slavery

Compromise and Postponement

They worried the new government would be controlled by members of the elite and saw the Constitution as favoring the creation of a powerful, aristocratic ruling class

Patrick Henry and George Mason

Amendments 1-4

Basic Rights of the People

Amendments 5-8

Rights of the Accused

Federalism

the National Government and the States

Junipero Serra was instrumental in founding the 21 missions in California

both religious missions and military outposts

Hamilton proposed a national bank, which would hold the governments tax revenues and act as a stabilizing force on the economy

20% publicly and 80% privately controlled

Naturalization Act

made it more difficult for foreigners to achieve American citizenship

Sedition Act

made it a crime to defame the president or Congress (seemed to challenge free-speech guarantees of the recently ratified First Amendment)

Alien Friends/Alien Enemies Act

allowed president to imprison and deport noncitizens

Noah Webster saw the US as a tolerant, rational, democratic nation, and published a speller, grammar, and reader for American schoolchildren

with Americanized spellings such as theater instead of theatre

Bulfinch brought the Federal style to the US

a style imbued with Greek and Roman elements Movement in the Early Republic Migrations, American Indians, and Shifting Alliances

The Articles are not necessarily bad

the colonies won the American Revolution with the Articles and they did an excellent job in dealing with new western lands