AP Psychology Unit 3 Review: Sensation and Perception

Visual acuity

__________ is the measure of the ability of the eye to distinguish shapes and the details of objects at a given distance

Convergence

_________ is the ability for the eyes to team together to focus on a target at an up-close range

transduction

_________ is responsible for the conversion of physical energy to neural impulses

cochlea; retina

transduction for hearing takes place in the _______; for vision in the ________

amplitude

loudness is determined by sound _______

optical illusions like the Ponzo illusion

perception is not an exact internal copy of the world, but based on our experiences as shown by _______

brain

Sensory pathways carry information from the sense organs to the _______

the intensity of a stimulus and its corresponding psychological sensation

Ernst Weber and Gustave Fechners psychophysical laws concern the relation between _________

figure-ground

The Gestalt principle that refers to an individual's tendency to perceive an incomplete figure as a whole is called __________

occipital lobe

The visual cortex is located within the _________

Location of sound

_________ is our ability to identify the location or origin of a detected sound in direction and distance

optic nerve

The blind spot refers to the region of the eye at which the _______ leaves the eye

brightness

The intensity of light is our perception of _______

Feature detectors

__________ are neurons that are turned on or off by specific features of visual stimuli like edges and movement

color constancy

A green apple looks green in dim light and bright in sunshine because of ________

auditory cortex of the temporal lobes

auditory signals are processed in the _______

peripheral vision

In the dark, an object is more clearly seen when viewed in ________ than when viewed directly.

hue

The pitch of a sound is analogous to which feature of light?

brightness

The perception of _________ is related to the intensity of light

brain

Sensory pathways carry information from the sense organs to the ________

transduction

_______ is responsible for the conversion of physical energy to neural impulses

changes

Sensory receptors play a key role in detecting in the external world _______

amplitude

Loudness is determined by sound _______

perception

__________ is heavily influenced by a persons expectations

brightness

The intensity of light is our perception of __________

amplitude; frequency

Physical properties of sound include __________ and _________

difference threshold

____________ is the smallest change in physical energy between 2 stimuli that is recognized as different

just noticeable difference

Starbucks is careful not to change its packaging too much to keep it beneath the __________

frequency

_________ is the number of vibrations a sound wave completes in a given time

timbre

You can tell who is singing "I'll Be There" (Mariah Carey or the Jackson 5) because of _________

stimulus features

Top-down processing DOES NOT emphasize __________

perceptual constancy

A bus moves towards you; you don't perceive it as growing larger because of __________

Gestalt psychology

"The whole is other than the sum of its parts" reflects ____________

depth perception

The visual cliff tests infants on ___________

color constancy

A green apple looks green in dim light and bright in sunshine because of ___________

perceptual set

If you see the old lady first and then see her in the ambiguous picture it demonstrates ___________

kinesthetic sense

Carolines ___________ provides her with information regarding her body position when she is driving

brightness

The perception of ___________ is related to the intensity of light

the binding problem

___________ refers to the fact we don't know how the brain combines features into a single percept

sensory adaptation

The fish market doesn't smell as bad when I leave because of ___________

vibrate

Strumming a guitar causes the surrounding air to ___________

pitch

Whether a sound has a high or low ___________ refers to its frequency

bottom up

Sensory DATA is analyzed in ___________ processing

the moon at night; a yellow jeep

Rods are photoreceptors that allow us to perceive ___________ while cones allow us to see ___________

color constancy

The concept of ___________ explains why a red dress looks red in dim light and bright sunshine

auditory cortex of the temporal lobes

Auditory signals are processed in the ___________

optic nerve

The blind spot refers to the region of the eye at which the ___________ leaves the eye

perceptual constancy

As a pterodactyl flies towards you, you don't perceive it as growing larger because of ___________

color; brightness

Wavelength translates into ___________ while intensity will affect the of what we see ___________

occipital lobe

The visual cortex is located within the ___________

sensation; perception

Tasting pizza is ______, remembering that you hate the taste of pizza is _______

straight ahead

We see color better when we look ___________

to the sides

We see in dim light better when we look ___________

law of continuity

When we see a line take a 90 degree turn we still perceive it as the same line due to the ___________

balance and body position

Fluid movement in the semicircular canals in the inner ear help you with ___________

color and pitch

Wavelength gives us ___________

more sensitive; found in the fovea

This phenomenon occurs because the rods located in the retina are ___________ in the dark than cones and are not ___________

brain; incomplete

A reason that one typically does not notice a blind spot in the visual field is that the __________ fills in missing information so there is no awareness that the visual field is ___________

hammer; anvil; stirrup

Damage to the _______, the _________, and the _________ best explains conduction deafness

opponent process theory

Negative afterimages are explained by the ___________

occipital cortex

Where in the visual system are feature detectors located?

cochlea

Balance is influenced by the ___________

fovea

Visual acuity is best in the ___________

rods and cones, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, optic nerve

What is the correct path a neural impulse will follow through the different layers of the retina?

visual cortex

His visual problems most likely came from processing difficulties in the ___________

Gate control theory; spinal cord

___________ is the theory of pain sensitivity; explains pain impulses sent to the brain are controlled by the ___________

Kinesthesia

___________ is the awareness of the position and movement of the parts of the body by means of sensory organs in muscles and joints

Selective attention

___________ is the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus