Review of Economic and Social Changes in America: 1970s

These flashcards cover key concepts and events from the 1970s, focusing on economic changes, social issues, and significant political events.

Stagflation

A combination of rising prices, increasing unemployment, and low economic growth.

Affluent Society (1950s)

A period characterized by economic prosperity and the growth of consumerism in post-war America.

Vietnam War

A conflict that drained U.S. tax dollars and impacted the economy by contributing to inflation.

Inflation

A general increase in prices and a decrease in the purchasing value of money.

Oil Embargo

Action taken by Arab OPEC nations to cut oil sales to the U.S. in response to military aid to Israel.

Watergate Scandal

A political scandal involving a break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters that led to Nixon's resignation.

Gerald Ford

The first unelected U.S. president, who took office after Nixon's resignation.

Helsinki Accords

An agreement signed in 1975 aimed at improving relations between the Soviet Union and the West.

Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)

Proposed amendment in 1972 to guarantee equal legal rights for all American citizens regardless of sex.

Feminism

The advocacy of women's rights based on the equality of the sexes.

Title IX

Legislation passed in 1972 prohibiting sex-based discrimination in federally funded education programs.

Bakke v. University of California

A Supreme Court ruling on affirmative action that addressed racial quotas in college admissions.

Civil Disobedience

The nonviolent refusal to obey certain laws as a way to assert a political statement.

Ronald Reagan

Former actor and government official who became a leader of the conservative movement known as the 'New Right'.

SALT II

A strategic arms limitation treaty signed between the U.S. and the Soviet Union during the Carter administration.

Malaise Speech

A speech by Carter in 1979 in which he criticized Americans for their obsession with materialism.

Panama Canal Treaty

Agreement to return control of the Panama Canal to Panama, signed by Carter's administration.

Reverse Discrimination

A term used by opponents of affirmative action to suggest that policies favoring minority groups discriminate against non-minorities.

Human Rights

A guiding principle of Carter's foreign policy focused on the protection and advocacy of individuals' rights.

OPEC

Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, involved in the oil embargo against the U.S.

Semisovereign Peoples

Term describing the unique legal status of Native American tribes in relation to U.S. laws.

Camp David Accords

Peace agreements mediated by Carter between Israel and Egypt in 1978.

American Hostage Crisis

A diplomatic crisis in which 52 American diplomats and citizens were held hostage in Iran for 444 days.

New Right

A political movement that emphasized social conservatism and a return to traditional values.

Obstruction of Justice

One of the articles of impeachment against Nixon related to the Watergate Scandal.

Abuse of Power

An article of impeachment against Nixon related to the misuse of presidential authority.

Contempt of Congress

An article of impeachment against Nixon for refusing to release the Watergate tapes.

White Flight

The phenomenon where white residents move from racially integrated urban areas to more racially homogeneous suburban areas.

Civil Rights Movement

A movement aimed at ending racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans.

Gloria Steinem

Feminist leader who founded the magazine 'MS' and advocated for women's rights.

Phyllis Schlafly

Anti-feminist leader who opposed the ERA and argued that it would eliminate gender-specific protections.

Alcatraz Occupation

The 1970 seizure by Native Americans intending to assert their sovereignty and rights.

Affirmative Action

Policies aimed at increasing opportunities for historically underrepresented groups.

Soviet-Afghan War

Conflict beginning in 1979 that was likened to the Vietnam War for the Soviet Union.

Economic Isolationism

A period when America sought to minimize its economic involvement with foreign nations.

Social Conservatism

A political ideology that prioritizes traditional values and societal norms.

Humanitarian Diplomacy

Carter's foreign policy approach based on moral and ethical considerations in international relations.

Cultural Issues

Topics emphasized by the New Right, including abortion and education reforms.

Market Capitalism

An economic system where prices and production are determined by unrestricted competition between privately owned businesses.

National Organization for Women (NOW)

An organization formed in 1966 to advocate for women's rights and push for gender equality.

Carter's Energy Policy

Legislation aimed at reducing U.S. dependence on foreign oil through improved conservation.

Iranian Revolution

The overthrow of the Shah of Iran in 1979 that led to the establishment of an Islamic Republic.

Legislative Victories

Legislative achievements by feminists that shaped gender equality during the 1970s.

Judicial Rulings

Supreme Court decisions that impacted civil rights and education during the 1970s.

Economic Growth

Increase in the production of goods and services over a certain period, which stagnated in the 1970s.

Client Nation

A nation that relies on another for support, especially in the context of military aid.

Gender Bias

Discrimination based on one's gender, particularly in hiring and workplace policies.