Quarter 2 - HUMA

MEDIUM

substance that is manipulated

TECHNIQUE

describes the skillful manipulation of the medium

PAINTING

process of applying color/pigment suspended in binder onto flat or two-dimensional surfaces (paper, wood, or cloth)

DRY BRUSH, WET ON WET, BLENDING, IMPASTO, POINTILISM, ETCHING

painting techniques

DRY BRUSH

using dry brush

WET ON WET

adding water to brush and paint

BLENDING

mixing colors and tones

IMPASTO

layering paint to create contrast and vibrancy

POINTILISM

using dots to create tone and value

ETCHING

using clean pointed object to make shapes in paint

ALVARO JIMENEZ

artist from san fernando, pampanga that uses corn and banana leaves and stalks treated with silica gel as a canvas into frames for his paintings

MANUNGGUL GROUP

puerto princesa– artist collective composed of Jonathan Benitez, Pat Marquez, Jojo Orcullo, Jane Orcullo, Albert Enriquez, and Alvin Bayking– crocodile skin as canvas, textile and acrylic for coloring, rattan and wood as fasteners and frame

SCULPTURE

art of making three-dimensional forms

MODELLING OR ADDITION, SUBTRACTION, CONSTRUCTION

basic methods of creating a sculpture

MODELLING OR ADDITION

use of clay

SUBTRACTION

carving hard materials like stone or wood

CONSTRUCTION

assembling parts adhesion or welding

WOODCARVING

craft on wood by means of incising designs with a knife, or subtracting parts of the material wood with a chisel, or mallet on chisel for hard type– challenge lies in the softness or hardness of the material, and chipping away makes little or no remedy for mistake– highly vulnerable to decay, insect damage, and fire

BATIKULING, SANTOL, MOLAVE, AND NARRA

most commonly used by carvers in paete, laguna for woodcarving

SINGILO (IRONWOOD), NARRA, AND MAHOGANY

carvers in pangasinan and la union uses these woods from their surroundings

BULOL

originally carved for rites of ancestral worship and intercession, but serves as a souvenir today

PAETE, LAGUNA

Justino Paloy Cagayat, Jr., carver of religious figures, and Luisito Ac-ac, carver of Filipino classic subjects, are two of the best-known sculptors in Paete today

PAMPANGA

Juan C. Flores “Apung Juan” was the acclaimed maestro of the province who trained a community of woodcarvers to produce excellent colonial furniture and interior accessories– at present, the two best-known woodcarvers in Betis are Willy Layug and Boyet Flores, who follows the style of his forebear Apung Juan

VIGAN, ILOCOS SUR

Riel Hilario trained at age 18 in santo making under carver Jose Lazo– inspired by this tradition, he carves sculptural figures from fruit tree wood, resulting in polychrome artistic expression and imaginative tableaus

CASTING

process of forming three-dimensional duplicates by using molten material to solidify in a mold made from an original art– lost wax is a method often used in metal such as bronze for sculptures or in silver and gold for jewelry

COLD-CASTING

process of mixing a variety of powder with a binder resin and applying the mixture into a mold– appearance of a solid marble or metal

IMY PILAPIL

Cavite artist who constructs exquisite abstract sculpture from a wide variety of materials– uses paper and cardboard for indoor pieces, and glass, stones, and metal for outdoor pieces– incorporates water and light to create rhythmic and total effects

RAMON ORLINA

from Taal, Batangas– carves blocks of glass gathered from industrial glass waste in a bottle factory– self-taught artist who experimented with cold methods of cutting, grinding, and polishing glass using tools he designed himself

JULIE LLUCH, ABA, AND KIRI DALENA

sculpt from terra cotta sourced in Iligan City, Lanao del Norte

BAIDY MENDOZA

from Labrador, Pangasinan– makes small pieces of charming figures, naïve icons, reliefs, and costume jewelry from clay

SUSANITO SARNATE

sculpts terra cotta figures depicting scenes of daily life in his hometown in Negros Occidental

HANDMADE PAPER, PAPIER MACHE, PAPER CUTTING ART (PASTILLAS PABALAT ART)

forms of paper craft

HANDMADE PAPER

produces from cogon grass and natural fibers, salago bark, abaca bark, and fibers from banana and pineapple

PAPIER MACHE

substance made of pulp of sheets of paper glued and pressed together and molded while moist to form a 3d object

PAPER CUTTING ART (PASTILLAS PABALAT ART)

traditional craft originated in san miguel, bulacan where carabao milk candies are made

MULTIMEDIA ART

broader scope where visual elements are combined with non-visual such as sound, motion, literature, drama, dance, graphics, music, performance, and situation– can be computer-controlled integration of text, graphics, drawings, still and moving images, animation, audio, and any other media

ARCHITECTURE

creative conceptualization of graphic descriptions of a building or blueprints that address a set of design objectives, which considers materials, construction techniques, and instructions to successfully translate the concept of the architect into built form

PLANT-BASED MATERIALS, MASONRY, GLASS, METALS, COMPOSITE MATERIALS

materials of filipino architecture

PLANT-BASED MATERIALS

wood/timber, bamboo, rattan, leaves, and fibers are abundant in historical architecture because of their availability and readiness of use from surroundings

MASONRY

building with small building units like concrete hollow block, brick, or stone, with mortar or palitada as a bonding agent

GLASS

made of silicates (sand) and oxides fused at high temperatures– oxides and other substances control color and opacity

METALS

extracted from mined minerals from the earth– used in piping, roofing, and windows– bronze, brass, aluminum, cast iron, and steel

COMPOSITE MATERIALS

made by combining two or more materials with different properties which result in unique combinations of their properties– example, concrete is made by mixing cement and various aggregates, such as sand, gravel, or stones, with sufficient water

LOAD-BEARING CONSTRUCTION

standing strong against the typhoons and earthquakes that batter Batanes, sinadumparan is constructed with local, sustainable materials– thick walls are built from limestone blocks, providing excellent insulation and thermal mass, which helps regulate indoor temperatures

POST-AND-LINTEL CONSTRUCTION

bahay na bato (Tagalog, literally "house of stone") is a type of building originating during the Philippines' Spanish Colonial Period– an updated version of the traditional bahay kubo– design evolved throughout the ages but maintains bahay kubo’s architectural basis suited to tropical climate, stormy season, and earthquake-prone environment– hybrid of Austronesian, Spanish, and Chinese architecture

GLULAM ARCHES

Cebu-Mactan International Airport (Terminal 2) by Hongkong-based Integrated Design Associates and Budji + Royal

THIN SHELL ARCHITECTURE

Church of the Holy Sacrifice at UP Diliman designed by National Artist Leandro Locsin

FOLDED PLATE ARCHITECTURE

commercial Bank and Trust Company designed by Juan Nakpil in the 1960’s

GEODESIC DOMES

can be very large and require interior supports– skeletal frame easily assembled from prefabricated modular parts– frame can be sheathed in glass, plastic, plywood, or other materials– triangle or truss structures may be left visible, giving geometric appearance– example: durian-inspired dome at the Peoples’ Park in Davao City

CANTILEVER

overhangs prevent obstruction of movement beneath, often used in entrances and waiting areas– Leandro Locsin’s buildings at the Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP Main Theater and Philippine International Convention Center) employed huge cantilevered blocks to resonate the visual lightness and floating character of the bahay kubo

SINAMAY

natural fabric made from abaca– one of the best philippine fabrics– at the Villanueva Ancestral House a.k.a Arevalo Sinamay House where you can buy fans, hankies, tablecloths, etc.– one of the Filipinos finest fabric is in Iloilo’s weaving industry

ART PRODUCTION

the process of responding to observations, concepts, emotions, and other experiences encountered in the world through the presentation of ideas and feelings by creating expressive images using tools and techniques in art (Lico et.al., 2018)– translates shared experiences with the use of multiple media forms such as sound, visuals, movements, and words

CULTURAL HERITAGE

according to UNESCO, it is the legacy of physical artifacts and intangible attributes of a group or society that are inherited from past generations– classified into tangible and intangible heritage

TANGIBLE HERITAGE

includes buildings, historic places, monuments, and artifacts considered worthy of preservation

INTANGIBLE HERITAGE

includes practices, representations, expressions, knowledge, skills, as well as instruments, objects, artifacts, and cultural spaces

INSPIRATION

the exciting moment in art production when inspiration strikes

PERCOLATION

the brainstorming and refining of ideas– a vital stage that occurs after having an idea but before starting the actual creation

PREPARATION (MEDIA)

the more active and focused stage of art production– settling on inspiration and figuring out how to make it happen using specific materials and media

CREATION (APPLICATION OF TECHNIQUES)

the stage of art production when the actual work is made– pen to paper, brush to canvas, applying techniques to bring the idea to life

REFLECTION

the stage after creation– involves sharing, presenting, or displaying the art, often leading to contemplation on its completion

PHYSICAL APPEARANCE OR FORM

how the artwork looks– includes shape, size, color, texture, sound, rhythm, movement, and materials used

PROCESS

how the artwork is done– application of techniques and combining of materials– may involve technologies such as computers and machines

SOCIAL/CULTURAL/HISTORICAL RELEVANCE

the narratives illustrating the conditions that shaped the work– includes purpose, function, or reasons for its being and the circumstances during production

COMMUNITY VALUATION

the significance of the work to the community– the impact, reception, rootedness in regional life, functionality, and longevity of its effect

CULTURAL MAPPING

the process of identifying and stating, in a written or visual inventory, all cultural assets within a specific geographic area

INSPIRATION, PLANNING AND PERCOLATION, PREPARATION, CREATION, REFLECTION

the steps in art production

THEME

overall idea that carries through a work or a series of works– expression and elaboration of the theme may be the goal of the artist in producing the work– are often supported by motifs-repeated elements that can have both symbolic and structural value

CULTURAL CONNECTION

throughout history, economic needs, material desires, and political ambitions have brought people from different cultures and communities into contact, sometimes across great distances

DREAMS AND VISION

art is about ways of seeing, but it is not always about representing the world as it exists in real life, and sometimes it can allow us to see with more than our eyes– art at the same time has been used as a tool to inspire and guide dreams and visions, both secular and spiritual

HISTORY AND MEMORY

whether critical, irreverent or introspective, the artist delve into personal memory and the past, transforming them in their work

CEREMONY AND SOCIETY

people across the philippine archipelago engage in a wide range of ceremonial rites and spectacles

COSMOLOGY AND BELIEF

in all cultures, people strive to understand their reason for being and their place in the universe– art can be an instrument for not only recording spiritual beliefs, but also for creating myths, defining the realms of the mortal and the immortal, communing with ancestors, channeling forces of good, and repelling those of evil

POWER

from politics to media, power pervades daily life– artist explore personal and cultural histories, re-imagine social spaces, and challenge authority, oppression, and control

HUMOR

theme explores the way in which contemporary artists use irony, goofiness, satire, sarcasm, and the spirit of playfulness– the artist has been influenced by the history of humor and comedy, including vaudeville, cartoons, caricatures, and comic books

THEATER

denotes a building in which a performance is held with an audience, physical space– event where audience and performers come into contact, to watch and be watched– everywhere and widely practiced– for audiences, art of finding human action worth watching for a period of time in a designated performance space

KOMEDYA (COMEDIA), SINAKULO, SARSUWELA (ZARZUELA), DRAMA

traditional forms of philippine theater

KOMEDYA (COMEDIA)

Origin: Spanish colonial period (from the Spanish word comedia) Type: Secular and religious theatrical play Themes: Battles between Christians and Moors (Moros)

SINAKULO

Origin: Spanish colonial period (religious drama) Type: Lenten season religious play Themes: Passion, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ Style: Serious, dramatic, biblical in content

SARSUWELA (ZARZUELA)

Origin: From Spanish zarzuela (musical theater), introduced in the late 1800s Type: Musical theater with dialogue, songs, and dance Themes: Love, social issues, politics, family, Filipino values Style: Mix of comedy, drama, and musicPeak Popularity: Early 1900s (American colonial period) Language: Tagalog or regional dialects Example: Walang Sugat by Severino Reyes – about love and resistance during the revolution against Spain

DRAMA

Origin: Broad genre, both Western and Indigenous influences Type: General term for serious theatrical plays Themes: Everyday life, family, love, politics, personal struggles Style: Straight play (non-musical), often emotional and realistic Subtypes: Tragedy, melodrama, modern drama Language: Varies by region

CINEMA

artform and an industry that involves creation, production, and exhibition of films (movies)

SHOT

each frame of film is a still image

CINEMATOGRAPHERS

artists who use movie cameras– now have the ability to choose from many different film media and production processes to create visually arresting and artistic films

FILM DEPENDS ON LIGHT

light is the essential element in the creation and consumption of motion pictures

FILM CREATES AN ILLUSION OF MOTION

illusion of uninterrupted movement is called persistence of vision

FILM MANIPULATES SPACE AND TIME IN A DISTINCT MANNER

filmmakers can manipulate time by slowing or accelerating motion

NARRATIVE

is the art form of storytelling. It can be understood as a means by which the story within a film is structured and organized

CINEMATOGRAPHY

is defined as “writing in movement” and depends largely on photography. The way in which a shot is filmed, lit, toned, and colored is a story of its own just as it is in photography

MISE-EN-SCENE

is an aspect of film form that includes everything that appears before the camera within a shot. Sets, locations, actors, props, costumes, light and shadow, and staged body motion are all part of mise-en-scene

EDITING

is the linking of two different pieces of film (i.e., two different shots). An editor uses time and continuity as tools in presenting the narrative. It is the editor’s job to piece the whole movie together from all of the scenes and different camera shots

SOUND

powerful film technique and it can actively shape how we perceive and interpret the image– three components are dialogue, sound effects, and music

NARRATIVE FILMMAKING

refers to the types of movies that tell a story which is directed towards fiction and dramatic storytelling. these are the films produced by big studios and are widely screened in theaters, broadcast on television, streamed on the internet, and sold as dvds and blu-rays

DOCUMENTARY FILMMAKING

is more concerned with exposing and interpreting real facts and historical events for the education of viewers or presentation of political or social analyses and even propaganda

EXPERIMENTAL FILMMAKING

the most difficult of all types of movies to define with any precision because experimental filmmakers actively seek to challenge categorization and break convention. also known as avant-garde, experimental films are rare and unpopular. as the word “experimental” suggests, this type of movie is trying something new and different