sociology (environment and society)

three Ps that are principal determinants of health worldwide

pollution

population

poverty

what are pollution and population growth closely related wiht

environmental health

population growth is associated with

poverty

both poverty and population growth are associated with

pollution

what is one of the well recognized determinants of adverse health outcomes

poverty

poverty is linked to what and why

population growth

higher fertility rates among the impoverished

children born per woman 2019 trends

highest: sub saharan africa and southeast asia

how do higher fertility rates impact those in poverty

protection against high rates of infant and child mortality

why do some families in poverty prefer large family sizes

children can contribute to the hh family income

what is the relationship between children born and the share of population in extreme poverty

linked relationship

population growth incoming trend in the world

growing, esp in lower-income countries

by how much does the presence of many people exceed the carrying capacity of the earth

2

carrying capacity

population that an area will support without undergoing environmental deterioration

how will human and non human populations be affected with exceeded carrying capacity

threatened with disastrous consequences when available resources are exhausted

what is the projected population of asia

population will fall later

what is the projected population of africa

triple (could indicate poverty)

what is the projected population of europe

decrease

green revolution

industrialized agriculture production highly increased (irrigation systems, fertilizers, and pesticides)

the pros of green revultion

increased agricultural productivity- simultaneous gains in education and income

the cons of green revolution

communities are more dependent on a smaller number of crops, toxic, chemical runoff, soil nutrient depletion, greenhouse gas emissions, etc

one source of pollution

combustion of fossils fuels (petroleum and coal)

combustion

disperses greenhouse gas along with other pollutants into the atmosphere

carbon dioxide

74.4%

fossil use, use of land (deforestation, land clearing, degredation of soil)

methane (CH4)

17.3%

stronger warming agent (agriculture, waste management, biomass burning)

nitrous oxide (N2O)

fertilizer use

biomass burning

F gases

2.1%

industrial processes (refrigeration)

the use of a variety consumer products

highest global greenhouse gas emission by sector

energy 73.2 %

total greenhouse gas emissions in the world/ what countries (2018)

1- china

2- US

3- india

total greenhouse gas emission

the amount of greenhouse gases a given country produces each year

total greenhouse gas emission 2018

48.9 billion tonnes of greenhouse gases emitted globally

per capita greenhouse gas emisssions

the average amount of tons of greenhouse gases emitted per person

two most populous countries for per capita greenhouse gas emissions

china and india

global warming

the rise in global temp- increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

climate change

increasing changes in the measures of climate over a long period of time (precipitation, temp, and wind patterns)

relationship of global warming and climate change

global warming is one aspect of climate change

scientists arguments on climate change

linked to human activity- deforestation and burning of fossil fuels (coal, gas, oil)

climate change increases the likelihood of what

prolonged heat waves

more frequent, stronger hurricanes

longer, more frequent droughts

food shortages

estimated toll of worlds death caused by environmental factors

24%

what percentage of the global burden of disease is linked to environmental sources

22 % - physical environment: air, water, and soil

world health organization estimation of people worldwide breathing polluted air

90%
~7 million ppl die from exposure to fine particles in polluted air

what are some threats to the environment (7)

overconsumption

climate change

trash

air pollution

deforestation

exposure to toxic chemicals

hazardous/radioactive waste