Chp 15: Delivery

Chp 15: Delivery

BOOK: pgs. 223-238

PDF: pgs. 233-248

What you need to Know

• Vocal delivery: pronunciation, articulation, volume, pitch, rate, tone, vocalized pauses (fillers)
• Physical delivery: eye contact, appearance, gestures, stance, posture, facial expressions, comfortable, yet professional movement), monotone
• Forms of Delivery: memorized speech, manuscript, extemporaneous (most modern form of public speaking and what you did in our class), impromptu
• Communication and Speech Apprehension
• Communibiological Theory
• Ways to reduce speech anxiety (lecture)
• Systematic Desensitization
• Visualization
• Communication Orientation Motivation theory
• Cognitive Restructuring (replacing negative self-talk with positive self-talk)
• Power Pose (who suggested this and what does it involve)
• Meditation, breathing exercises
• Exercise, stretching
• Rehearse-practice-prepare
• Presentation Aids: objects, models, demonstrations, charts, graphs (numerical comparisons), photos, videos, audio, multimedia slides

Forms of Delivery

• Vocal Delivery - vocalics
  • Pronunciation - how a word should sound according to a rule or standard
  • Articulation - the process of physically shaping the sounds that make the word
  • Volume - how loud or soft the sound of your voice is when you speak
  • Pitch - how high or low your voice sounds when you speak
  • Rhythm - the pattern or cadence of movement in your voice
  • Rate - how fast or slow you speak
  • Tone - how warm is your voice fillers
  • Vocalized pauses - filler words that many speakers use when they feel like they should be saying something but do not have anything to say
• Physical Delivery - aka nonverbal delivery, all of the physical signals your body sends to your audience during your speech
  • Physical appearance - includes your apparel and grooming
  • Posture - the position of your body when you are speaking
  • Facial expressions - the way the position and movement of your facial features convey emotion and engagement
  • Gestures - the movements of your hands and arms
  • Eye contact - looking members of your audience in the eyes while speaking
  • Will Stephens - “How to Sound Smart in Your Ted Talk” (2015)
• Types of delivered speeches
  • Memorized - a speech the speaker commits to memory and delivers without the use of any notes
  • Manuscript - a speech the speaker writes out word for word in an essay format and delivers by reading from the manuscript
  • Extemporaneous - a practiced, polished speech that makes use of a limited speaking online
  • Impromptu - a speech presented with little or no preparation

Communication Apprehension

• Communication apprehension - the fear or anxiety for real or anticipated communication with another or others; defined by James McCroskey
• Trait CA - the amount of communication anxiety you were born with and naturally have due to genetics
• State CA - anxiety that is related to the context in which you are communicating
• Communibiological theory - states that CA is inborn-people tend to be more introverted or extroverted in nature

Strategies to Reduce CA

Ways to reduce speech anxiety:

• Systematic Desensitization - the process by which a person is slowly introduced to something they fear so that each time they overcome the fear, the intensity is decreased
• Self-fulfilling prophecy - convincing yourself that something is going to happen before it does, this leading to the occurrence of what you originally expected
• Visualization
• Communication Orientation Motivation (COM) theory
• Cognitive Restructuring (replacing negative self-talk with positive self-talk)
• Power Pose (who suggested this and what does it involve)
• Meditation, breathing exercises
• Exercise, stretching
• Rehearse-practice-prepare
• Speak in a conversational tone

Presentation Aids

• Presentation aids: additional resources for engaging audience
• Types of aids
  • Objects - physical items you discuss in your speech
  • Models - scaled physical representations of things
  • Demonstrations - involve enacting the process you are trying to teach the audience
  • Keep it simple and highlight the main ideas of your speech

Traditional Presentation Aids

• Charts - shows numeric data in a series of rows and columns
• Line graphs - uses lines along two axes to show changes in values over time
• Bar graphs - have two axes and either horizontal or vertical bars that show the total number of items or levels of achievement in each category
• Histograms - a type of frequency that shows the proportion of individuals that obtained a certain level lof achievement along a continuum
• Pie graph - a round graph that has slices that represent how large the proportion of that particular category is compared to the whole
• Scatterplot - a graph that shows the relationship between two continuous variables
• Photographs
• Video or audio clips

Multimedia Technology

• PowerPoint, Spark, etc. are helpful ways to display information to the audience
• Might embed clips or other aids into the slideshow
• If used poorly, they distract, however
  • Don’t put too much on slides
  • Choose fonts and colors that don’t distract
  • Keep unnecessary information off slides

Using Delivery to Encourage Dialogue

• Check pronunciations before speaking
• Engage with your audience
• Practice, practice, and then practice again
• Choose presentation aids to increase understanding
• Choose interesting vocal delivery methods