CH 12 LIFE SPAN

Adulthood years

25 to 65

Senescence

gradual physical decline which begins when growth stops

Senescence is affected by

many factors, not just time

What is the first part of the body to show visible signs of aging?

the skin

Which of the following happens to skin by age 30?
A. It becomes thicker and stronger
B. It becomes thinner and less flexible
C. It stops aging
D. It produces more collagen

It becomes thinner and less flexible

Where do wrinkles usually start becoming visible first?

Around the eyes

By age 60….

Everyone has wrinkles, but some more than others

by late middle age, people get ______

shorter

by age 65 lose about _____ inch

1

Where in the body does height loss mainly occur?

In the torso

What causes people to lose height as they age?

Cushioning in the spinal column is compressed

What body change can happen as a result of height loss?

The waist widens

What happens to all senses over time?

they fade

Which sense is the most obvious to decline with age?

vision (eyes)

Which type of vision narrows faster than others?
A. Central vision
B. Peripheral vision
C. Night vision
D. Depth perception

Peripheral vision

__________ vision fades as people age

color

What focusing problem do older adults often have?

Trouble focusing on things that are close

Because of trouble focusing up close, what do many people use?
A. Sunglasses
B. Contacts
C. Bifocals
D. Eye drops

Bifocals

hearing is best at age ___ years

10

hearing loss is called _____

Presbycusis

by late middle age reproduction is more ______

difficult

arousal and orgasm take

shorter

fertility peaks in early ___

20s

for women, easiest to conceive before age_____

30

for man, easiest to conceive before age_____

40

Men may experience a low __________ count as they age.

sperm

What affects sperm count in men?
A. Only age
B. Only diet
C. Many different factors
D. Nothing affects it

Many different factors

What can affect female fertility?

Environmental factors

What does PID stand for?
A. Pelvic Internal Disorder
B. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
C. Personal Infection Disease
D. Primary Infertility Disorder

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

What does ART stand for?
A. Advanced Reproductive Treatment
B. Assisted Reproductive Technology
C. Artificial Reproductive Therapy
D. Applied Reproductive Technique

Assisted Reproductive Technology

What triggers the start of menopause?
A decrease in hormones

A decrease in hormones

In women, menopause happens:
A. Gradually over many years
B. Suddenly
C. Only after age 80
D. Not at all

Suddenly

In men, hormone changes happen:
A. Suddenly
B. Gradually
C. Never
D. Only in childhood

Gradually

How do hormone changes differ between men and women?

Women experience sudden changes (menopause), while men experience gradual changes

What did people initially think HRT helped reduce?

Heart disease

Why do researchers now think some women had less heart disease while on HRT?
A. HRT directly prevented all heart disease
B. Because of higher SES and more education
C. Because of genetics only
D. Because of medication side effects

Because of higher SES and more education

What lifestyle factors help reduce heart disease and dementia in European women?

Diet and exercise

What happens to testosterone levels during andropause?

They decrease

During andropause, __________ levels decrease.

testosterone

What is a result of decreased testosterone?

Less sexual desire

Name one physical change men may experience during andropause.

Less muscle mass OR fewer erections

Men still have some testosterone, just __________.

less

What effects Senescence?

• Drug abuse

• Overeating

• Inactivity

most common illegal drug used

marijuana

can cause serious gum disease

marijuana

smoking in US has ____

decreased

smoking in China has _____

increased

moderate drinking can _____longevity

increase

alcohol _______LDL and _______HDL

decreases ; increases

HDL

High-Density Lipoprotein

HDL is the “_____” cholesterol

good

LDL

Low-Density Lipoprotein

LDL is the “_____” cholesterol

bad

alcohol _____blood pressure

decreases

alcohol ______violent deaths

increases

_____ of adults worldwide are obese

10%

Obesity leads to Type ____diabetes

II

Metabolism decreases by _____between ____and ____years of age

1/3 ; 20 ; 60

Mediterranean

fiber, fish, olive oil

Chinese diet

more vegetables, less meat

French diet

gather to socialize, not just eat

What effects our choices?

• other people

• advertisements

• food availability

Exercise ____ blood pressure

lowers

Exercise strengthens ___

heart and lungs

Decreases depression, osteoporosis, heart disease, arthritis, and some cancers

ejercicio

What helps you exercise?

• Friendships: accountability

• Communities: public areas

Mortality

annual number of deaths per year, per 1,000

Morbidity

illnesses of all kinds: acute, chronic, fatal

Disability:

-physical, mental, emotional

• condition which makes

• normal daily life difficult

Vitality:

how healthy and energetic a person feels

AKA

zest for living” and “love of life”

personality and social affirmation which are more impactful than biology

Vitality

women have more ____ and disability

depression

Higher SES

• live longer

• less disease and disability

people in the NW of US live

longer and are healthier

mmigrants are overall ____than natives

healthier

Cognition

• brain slows with age

• brain size decreases with age

• have less synapses with age

• reactions take longer

• multi-tasking is harder

• distractions more of a problem

Sleep:

becomes more important for good brain functioning

sleep disturbances are ______as we age

common

adults use ___of parts of brain to stay alert

more

to sustain a good brain:

move your body and your brain

Fluid Intelligence:

• like water

• quick and flexible

• can learn anything

• uses inductive reasoning (many lead to one)

• uses abstract analysis

• has quick reaction speed

• is used by working memory

• decreases with age

Fluid Intelligence

uses inductive reasoning (many lead to one)

Crystallized Intelligence

accumulation of facts, information, and

knowledge

• is the result of education and experience

• vocabulary reflects this

• it is the amount you

• remember

• seems to increase with age

Sternberg and Intelligence

3 types

Analytic inteligence

remember and analyze

Creative inteligence

novel ideas in novel situations

Practical inteligence

manage daily life

Howard Gardner and Intelligence –

9 Types

Howard Gardner and Intelligence – 9 Types

• Linguistic

• Logical-Mathematical

• Musical

• Spatial

• Bodily-Kinesthetic

• Naturalistic

• Interpersonal

• Intrapersonal

• Existential

Selective Optimization with Compensation

• people compensate for age-related losses

• improve strong areas

• practice some, ignore others

Selective Expert:

• become experts in what they value

• guided by culture and context

Experts have:

• knowledge

• practice

• experience

Expert thought is:

• intuitive

• automatic

• strategic

• flexible

Expert thought is Intuitive because:

• it relies on past experiences

• it relies on immediate context

• it can ignore stereotypical responses

Expert thought is Automatic because:

• actions are preformed almost by instinct

• they act in well-rehearsed ways

• actions may not be conscious

Expert thought is Strategic because:

• they have more and better strategies

• purposefully build strategies

• therefore, react with less emotion and more

Expert thought is Flexible because:

• they deliberately experiment

• enjoy the challenge

• surgeon who seeks difficult cases

• they notice telltale signs

• are more willing to deviate

Flexible

• expert football players

• Captain Sully on the Hudson

Strategic