Weimar Germany

whats the anschluss with Austria

the joining of germany and austria to create a greater germany

how many jews fled germany between 1933-39 to flea persecution

250000

Why did hitler call the bamberg conference

Tensions between north and south south - nationalist

who were the swing youth

wealthy teenagers who admired american culture

when did Hitler join the German worker’s party and who was the leader

1919 Anton Drexler

who were the edelweiss pirates

working class youths

whats an appeasement

the political policy of trying to make compromises to avoid going to war

how was mein kampf used in schools

textbook

whats article 48

the constitution of germany allowed the president to make statements of laws without needing to ask for the reichstag’s approval in times of emergency

did the nazis succeed jn controlling the church

no most germans practiced secretly

what did the nazis set up jn 1934

german faith movement

what was the results of the nazi policies against women

marriages increased by 21% between 1933 and 39

what was the fuhrer cult

showed hitler as botha superman and a man of the people

what’s the chancellor

the leader of the largest party in the reichstag

what did hitler come in the 1932 presidential elections

2nd

what did nazi propaganda call hitler

‘our last hope’’ one leader’

what’s the dawes plan

deal made with the USA to reduce germany’s reparation payments

when is von scheichler made chancellor and is he good

december 1932 no support

when was the dawes plan

1924

how much did nazi votes drop by in nov 1932 and why

28% Sa violence

how many seats did nazis win jn the golden age

12

how many cinemas in golden age

3800

whats diktat

word used to describe the treaty of versailles a treaty that Germany had no part in negotiating

when was the ruhr crisis

jan 1923

what are dissenters

people who challenge authority of government

what’s the dolchstoss

stab in the back

what’s the enabling act

law passed allowing hitler to make laws without consulting the reichstag

when was the enabling law passed

march 1933

what’s the free corps (Frei Korps)

groups of soldiers (not part of the official german army) who worked to protect the needs of germany after ww1

what’s the gestapo

the secret police of germany under the nazi regime

what’s the lebensraum

‘living space’ idea of giving germans more space to have the natural resources needed to live focussed in the east

who were the SS

protection squads hitlers personal body guards wore blackshirts

who were the SA

gymnastics and sports division of NSDAP (brown shirts) used to break up political meetings

full name for SA

sturm abteilung

impact of ww1 of germany - how many soldiers wounded

4 million

impact of ww1 of germany - how many berliners strike

400000

impact of ww1 of germany - how many soldiers died

2 million

impact of ww1 of germany - what did government debt change to

trebled to 150 billion marks

impact of ww1 of germany - how many civilian deaths

750000

impact of ww1 of germany - how many sailors, soldiers and workers mutiny in kiel calling for peace and bread

40000

what happened in 1918

it was announced that the kaiser had abdicated then he boarded a train to netherlands never to return

why did the kaiser abdicate

• little support

• america wouldn’t end war till he left

where and why there was the new government set up after ww1

berlin lots of berliners striked

what was the new chancellor called after ww1

philipp schiedemann

who was the new president after ww1

friedrich ebert

what did the government had to do after ww1

come up with a peace plan

4 strengths of weimar republic and its constitution

• article 48

• president is elected every 7 years and is head of state

• chancellor had to resign if he lost the support of the reichstag

• men and women over 20 can vote in presidential and reichstag elections

3 weaknesses to weimar republic and its constitution

• some judges and civil servants didn’t agree with some of the ideas of the weimar republic so didn’t want it to work

• proportional representation made it hard to make a decision

• many members of army wabted the kaiser to return so didn’t support weimar government

when was the treaty of versailles

28/06/1919

4 territorial terms of treaty of versailles

• colonies to allied forces

• 13% of german land lost

• no union with austria

• 6 million citizens lost to other countries

3 military terms of treaty of versailles

• army not to exceed 100K

• rhineland demilitarised

• no tank armoured cars or heavy artillery

financial terms of treaty of versailles

• reparations at 6.6 billion

• cattle and sheep given to belgium and france for reparations

• germany had to build merchant ships to replace allied ships sunk by v-boats

blame terms in treaty of versailles

• diktat

• war guilt clause 231

what was the national self determination

woodrow wilson said that NSD shoudl. r used to decide which parts of germany go to other countries

why didn’t germans like the weimar republic from the start

• democracy forced upon them

• blamed them for ending the war (november criminals)

how did ww1 create unrest in germany

• food shortages

• inflation

• scared of bolshevik revolution in russia

what did the german government do out of fear of a revolution

every made a deal with the new army leader hornet the army agreed it would support the government and every would supply and support the army

what was £1 worth in july 1914, january 1919, and november 1923

july 1914 - 20 marks

january 1919 - 35 marks

november 1923 - 201 billion marks

whats hyperinflation

the rapid decrease in the value of money uncontrollabley

what caused the spartacist uprising

it was lead by karl liebknecht and rosa luxembourg and they wanted germany to become a communist state

what happened in december 1918 spartacist uprising

they did a demonstration against the government which led to clashes with the army - they formed a german communist party 16 died

what happened in 6th january 1919 of spartacist uprising

they began to attempt to overthrow the government

consequences of spartacist uprising

the army shut it down within days and the leaders were killed

the assembly had to move from berlin to weimar as berlin wasn’t safe

people feared civil war

two more communist uprisings follow with one in march with 1000 deaths in berlin and one in april in munich

what caused the kapp putsch

weimar politicians were critiqued as they had to reduce the army in size and freikorps (paramilitary group) had to be disbanded, they dealt with communist tidings harshly causing lots of casualties

what happened in march 1920 of kapp putsch

reduced army size and disbanded freikorps

who was the leader of the freikorps

ehrdhardt

who was kapp in the kapp putsch

a leading berlin politician who wanted to form a right wing government

what happened on the 13th of march in the kapp putsch

weimar government moved to dresden then stuttgart after kapp took over berlin

consequences of kapp putsch (army)

army were ordered to be put down by the putsch byt commander-in-chief von seeckt ‘the reichwehr doesn’t fire on the reichwehr’

role of every and scheidemann in kapp putsch consequences

called on unionists and workers to strike and not work for kapp and his government leading to the putsch collapsing

what happened after the kapp putsch

another uprising in the ruhr - army dealt with it harshly and hundreds were killed - weimar republic continued to be threatened because risings didn’t stop and strikes began

why did belgium and france take the goods needed

they took over the ruhr when germany failed to pay reparations because they needed the money to pay war debt to usa

what happened when the french took germanys goods

met with passive resistance which turned sour and germans carried out an act of industrial sabotage

what did german workers do as a result of the french looting

went on strike set fire to factories - some were shot by french

who did hyperinflation benefit

businessmen benefitted as they had borrowed money from banks and could pay it off, serious food shortages helped farmers , foreigners as they could exchange £1 for millions of marks

when was the dawes plan

1924

what was the dawes plan

made the reparations more realistic. had to pay 1 billion marks for the 1st year and increase over 4 years to 2.5 billion marks - the allies would withdraw from the ruhr area of germany and the usa would support germany through loans

when was the kellogg briand pact

1928

what was the kellogg briand pact

germany signed along with 64 other nations agreeing to keep their armies for self defence and to solve international disputes by peaceful means

when was the introduction of the rentenmark

november 1923

what was ghe rentenmark

a temporary currency to replace the deutschmark issued of limited basis and value based on property values not gold standard and within a year the currency was recovered

what did the rentenmark change to

reichsmark

when was the young plan

1929

what was the young plan

the allied reparations committee asked for a review of the the repayments and owen young came up with a new plan. The reparations were cut by ¾ and repayment period was extended to 59 years

when were the locarno treaties

1925

what were the locarno treaties

agreed the existing borders between germany, france and belgium to bring germany back to good relations

where were the locarno treaties signed

switzerland

when were germany allowed to join the league of nations

1926

what did joining the league of nations mean for germany

have them a permanent seat on the security council confirming their return to worldwide politics

what prize was gustav stresemann get and for what and when did he get it

nobel peace prize for his work to improve relations between germany and france in the 1920’s won it in 1926

what was gustav stresemann get appointed as in 1923

foreign secretary of germany

what were the us loans

in conjunction with dawes plan first loan first loan was 800 million marks and then over the next 6 years $3000 million was lent

reasons for a golden age in between 1924-1929 (5)

• 10% increase in real wages

• architects and planners devised ways of reducing housing shortages

• state spent more on housing

• workers contributed to a national scheme for unemployment welfare

• women deputies jn reichstag

how much had homelessness been reduced by 1928

60%

how much more did the state spend on housing than in 1913

33 times

how many women deputies were there in 1926

32

in 1933 how many women teachers and doctors were there

100K teachers

3K doctors

when was the golden age

1924-1929

reasons for no golden age

• middle class had no benefit

• women were critiqued for working and neglecting their homes

• middle class didn’t experience a rise of wages and couldbt claim many of the welfare state provided

• after the war men took back jobs

where was hitler born

braunau am Inn Austria-Hungary