Drugs Affecting the Renal/Urinary and Cardiovascular Systems

This set of flashcards covers key drugs, their classifications, uses, and side effects related to the renal/urinary and cardiovascular systems.

Hydrochlorothiazide

A class of drugs used as a diuretic to lower blood pressure by increasing urine output.

Simvastatin

An HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) that lowers blood cholesterol levels.

Nitroglycerin

An antianginal medication that relaxes blood vessels to improve blood flow and decrease chest pain.

Trospium Chloride

A urinary antispasmodic that inhibits involuntary contractions of the bladder.

Tamsulosin

A selective alpha-1 blocker used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia and improve urine flow.

Calcium Channel Blockers

Medications that lower blood pressure by relaxing vascular smooth muscle.

Diuretics

Drugs that promote the excretion of urine, often used to manage high blood pressure and fluid retention.

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors

A class of drugs (statins) that reduce levels of LDL cholesterol.

Bile Acid Sequestrants

Non-statin antihyperlipidemic drugs that can increase the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.

Inotropic Drugs

Medications that improve the heart's contractility and are used in heart failure.

Urinary Antispasmodics

Drugs that relax the bladder and help manage urinary urgency and frequency.

Adverse Effects of Diuretics

Side effects may include dehydration, urinary urgency, and low potassium levels.

Grapefruit Juice Interaction

Should not be used with statins as it can increase blood concentrations leading to toxicity.

Common side effects of statins

May include muscle pain, acid reflux, and sore throat.

Hydrochlorothiazide

A class of drugs used as a diuretic to lower blood pressure by increasing urine output.

Simvastatin

An HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) that lowers blood cholesterol levels.

Nitroglycerin

An antianginal medication that relaxes blood vessels to improve blood flow and decrease chest pain.

Trospium Chloride

A urinary antispasmodic that inhibits involuntary contractions of the bladder.

Tamsulosin

A selective alpha-1 blocker used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia and improve urine flow.

Amlodipine

A dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker used to treat hypertension and angina by relaxing blood vessels.

Lisinopril

An ACE inhibitor used to treat hypertension, heart failure, and improve survival after a heart attack.

Furosemide

A loop diuretic that works in the kidneys to increase the excretion of water and electrolytes, often used for fluid retention and hypertension.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors

A class of medications that lower blood pressure by blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, leading to vasodilation.