ATP

What is the universal energy carrier and why

ATP provides energy in all cells for all reactions

Advantages for using ATP as an energy carrier

Only takes one enzyme to break down to release energy

Only one enzyme needed to combine and store energy

Released when and where it is needed

Little energy released during hydrolysis of ATP

Describe the electron transport chain

1. Hydrogen passes through a proton pump - ion is removed and proton is pumped through

2. Electrons passed form carrier protein to another - energy released is used to power pumps

3. High concentration gradient is built up

4. ATP synthesis used the protons energy coming through to combine ADP + Pi

Where does the electron transport chain take place in animals

Inner mitochondrial membrane

Explain how the energy is used in the ETC so it can be used at the end (4)

Proton pumps use energy from electrons to pump H+ across membrane

High conc. gradient is established

H+ pass through stalked particle (by facilitated diffusion)

This provides energy for ATP synthetase to combine ADP + Pi

Label A-C

Ribose

Adenine

3 phosphate groups