disabled's rights - unit 6

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1
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feeble-minded asylums and institutions

*people with disabilities have always existed

  • prior to disability rights legislation, the most common way of “dealing” with people who were mentally or physically disabled was to lock them away 

    • institutions and asylums for the “feeble-minded” opened all over the country between 1860 and 1940

      *they were shunned and determined “not-fit” for society

      • would shave their heads to dehumanize them like nazi germany in ww2

      • america trying to create the perfect human as they were determining what it meant to be fit vs. unfit

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feeble-minded

  • lacking in general intelligence or considered to displace a lack of productivity or “backward” behaviors 

    *not being a productive member of society and a burden to the people around them

    • viewed as they couldn’t move forward and progress

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eugenics

  • movement to try to “breed” the perfect human 

    • this is the practice of breeding better humans 

      • positive:

        • encouraging marriages and reproduction to enhance good traits such as strength, intelligence, height, beauty, etc.

      • negative:

        • preventing people that are “unfit” from having children of their own 

        *this is due to the fact that america is becoming a world power after ww1 (and backfires on them during the great depression)

        • time where they began restricting immigration and refusing the “less desirable” like jewish people

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sterilization

  • people who were considered “unfit” would be sterilized to prevent them from having children

    • this was almost always without their consent and against their will

      *this was to maintain the perfect species - eugenics

      • doesn’t want anymore of these people to be bred

        • the feeble-minded

        • sexual promiscuity

        • mental illness

        • physical disability

        • ‘pauperism’

    • still legal today with buck v. bell

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buck v. bell (1927)

  • carrie buck is poor and she gets put into foster care

    • one of her foster parents raped her and she got sent to a “feeble-minded” insitution (since she is now “unfit”) where she had her baby, but removed her reproductive organs by saying that they were removing her appendix as a cover up 

      • later, she wants to have a baby, but finds out she does not have any reproductive organs

    *ruling:

    • issue: can someone committed to a mental institution be sterilized?

    • decision: yes, a person that is “feeble-minded” can be sterilized against their will since there is a hearing beforehand to determine this 

      • this is STILL LEGAL today – especially in detention centers and prisons

        *affects males, but women are more prone to this 

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eunice kennedy shriver and special olympics

  • camp shriver: set up by eunice kennedy after getting a letter from a mom who couldn’t send her kid to regular camp

    • started in 1962 at the kennedy’s in maryland

      • march 1967 → first track meet in chicago

      • july 1968 → first international track meet (1000 athletes)

      • february 1977 → winter special olympics in colorado

      • july 2016 → millions of people registered to be athletes and partners with special olympics in 170 countries!

      *this led to the normalization of disabilities, beginning with children

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rehabilitation act of 1973

*first law that said there must be a equal access to buildings, transportation, and employment

  • also affirmative action programs

  1. vocational act: access to job skill, independent living, and secondary education

  2. section 504: applies to place who get federal funding → accommodations for employees and students with disabilities 

    **federal document! follows them in school and the workplace

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individuals with disabilities education act (IDEA)

  • idea of that children with various disabilities get to go to school, no matter what!

    • 1975 → schools have to have accommodations

    *the focus was on creating free public education for all students, including accommodations for students with disabilities

    • IDEA introduces the concept of individualized education plan (IEP)

      **school document! only applies in schools

      • prior to IDEA, students with disabilities were sent to special education schools that were often underfunded or incredibly expensive

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capitol crawl (1990)

  • people in wheelchairs crawl up the 100 steps of the capitol building

    *designed to showcase how inaccessible the capitol building was, and in relation, america was

    • how can those with disabilities even be in government, let alone be represented, if they cannot get up the steps and into their office?!

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americans with disabilities act (ADA)

  • after the capitol crawl of 1990, president george h. w. bush sr. signs the ADA

    *there are two goals of the ADA

    • prevent discrimination based on disability

    • ensure that accommodations and accessibility is widely available in public spaces and workplaces

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the arc

  • the largest community-based organization helping people with intellectual and developmental disabilities and their families

    • assists and provide support instead of trying to cure (unlike autism speaks)

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disabled people’s issues today

  • accessibility 

    • 30 years later, this is still the number 1 problem people with disabilities are facing today

  • lack of representation in media

  • inaccessibility of media for the blind and/or deaf

    • descriptive audio and closed captioning

  • discrimination against “invisible” disabilities