Clash of the Gods...... Tuesday 4/18

Part 2

The minotaur is a timeless symbol of the _______ the lies within all men

beast

Describe the Minotaur

Half man, Half Beast. Horror, man eating beast.

Why was the minotaur created?

 reason and savagery or order and chaos. Punish Minos after trying to outwit the Gods.

Why was the Minotaur created?

He was supposed to sacrifice a bull each year to Poseidon. But one year he sacrificed a lesser bull

What punishment did Poseidon give to Minos?

 He made Minos's wife (Pasiphae) like the bull.

Birth of monsters is associated with sinfulness or _________ of the parents.

wrongdoing

What does Minotaur’s name mean?

 Name Mino- from Minos; Taurus - bull; name means Bull of Minos

Who built the labyrinth for King Minos?

 Daedalus

Describe the strange effect the labyrinth caused on those who entered it.

 It caused people to not know where they were.

Today on the island of crete there is a labyrinth known as the cave of messara. What was this cave anciently used for?

 underground quarry/mine

What clues do we have that the cave was man-made?

They are chisel marks from ancient tools.

Most experts believe the myth is _______ than the cave.

older

What happens to Prince Androgeus - half brother of the Minotaur - at the Athens athletic games?

 he is murdered

In revenge Minos punishes the Athenians by demanding *_ male and* _ female virgins to be sacrificed to the Minotaur.

7 and 7

Why were virgins a prized commodity in the ancient Greek World?

 Because their purity meant they were closer to the gods.

Athenians told the Minotaur story as political propaganda.

a. The minotaur represented the tyranny of ____

b. The labyrinth represented Crete’s inescapable _____

c. The victims symbolized the suffering of _____

d. THe myth’s purpose was to make the cretans seem _____

 a. Crete    b. Power   c. Athens   d. Barbaric

The Athenians had to send sacrifices every _ years.

9

Theseus is one of the first great heroes of Greek Mythology. Describe what the older order of heroes were like.

strength, bravery, and brain power

Theseus had 2 fathers. King Aegeus who is king of _____ and poseidon God of the Sea.

Athens

What other great Roman leader later claimed he was the son of a God?

Alexander the Great

What test does King Aegeus leave for Theseus to accomplish before he comes to Athens to claim his birthright?

Aegeus buried his sword and sandals under a rock. When Theseus can lift the rock and get the sword and sandals, he should come to Athens and claim his birthright. 

How many times does Crete demand tributes before Theseus is ready?

3 times

King Aegeus tells Theseus that when he returns to Athens he needs to raise the _____ sail.

White

Knossos the capital city of ancient Crete. They estimate that ______ people lived there.

100,000

King Minos’s palace could be the inspiration for the labyrinth.

a. It has _____ rooms and _ stories

b. Many passageways, but no ______, so there is no direct line anywhere

c. Throughout the site there are signs of ___ worship - one fresco even depicts a young man battling a bull.

a.1000, 5

b. hallways

c. bull

There are clues that there was a real King Minos. They have found two stone tablets.

a. One gives the name _____ the King

b. Another tablet with an inscription to the ______ of the Labyrinth

 a. Minos   b. mistress

What is the “clue” that Daedalus gives to Ariadne to help Theseus?

ball of twine

Ariadne gives Theseus the clue if he promises what?

 to marry her when he gets out

These Pieces of evidence suggest that the Cretans practiced human Sacrifice.

a. _________ of real people being killed in sacrifice to the gods

b. _____ skeletons of children that show evidence of murder.

i. The cuts on the bones suggest that the cretans were practicing ________

 a. inscriptions/descriptions  b. 3000 i. cannibalism

How is Theseus able to surprise the Minotaur?

 the minotaur is half asleep

Theseus beating the Minotaur is a symbol of_______

bravery

What was Theseus’s fatal mistake Theseus makes on his way home and what is the consequence?

He forget to change the sail to white and his father jumps off the cliff.

What is the lasting legacy that Theseus makes when he becomes King of Athens?

Athens becomes a superpower in the Greek World, while Crete Declines.

What realm does Hades rule over?

The land of the dead, underworld. God of the dead

Why don’t the Greeks depict Hades in art or have temples dedicated to him?

because to know hades is to know death. They wanted to stay away from that

Hades’ Myth reflects how the Greeks viewed ____

Death or what happens after death

The underworld is the Ancient Greek equivalent of ___ , ___ and _____; all under one roof.

Heaven Hell and limbo

What are the fields of Asphodel? What is it like? Who is sent there?

This is like limbo , grey , quiet , peaceful, but mourning. THe souls wander aimlessly. The majority of people will go there.

What is Tartarus? What is it like? Who is sent there?

Tartarus is the place where people are sent to be punished. It is equivalent to Hell. The people there are punished eternally.

What is the Isles of the Blessed?

Paradise, no work, constant joy and dancing, famous and glorious people go there

Why did Hades Kidnap Persephone?

To make her his wife

Who is Persephone’s mother?

Demeter goddess of harvest.

The ancient greeks believed that Persephone’s disappearance begins the cycle of the four _______.

seasons

What roles does demeter play in this myth?

she mourns that loss of her daughter Persephone, wanders the earth, and forgets to give the plants fertility, therefore they withered and died, leading to winter

How does hades get persephone to stay in the underworld?

she eats pomegranate seeds and therefore , must stay in the underworld. She becomes part of the underworld.

How many months is persephone to required to stay in the Underworld? Why that number of months.

3 months, for every seed she ate.

How did people get into and out of the underworld?

A cave near a greek island.

What unique building is near the entrance to the Underworld?

It is a portal from land of living and the dead. Ruins said to be a temple for Hades.

Why is the temple of hades surprising?

There aren’t many temples dedicated to Hades

Name one person who belonged to the secret society that worshipped hades.

Plato, Cicero, Socrates

What were the cult members trying to do?

To find / learn how to get to the Isles of the Blessed

What happened to Hades as a baby?

Forgotten child. Cursed when eaten alive by Kronos.

Why did Kronos do this?

He was afraid his child would overthrow / kill him due to a prophesy

According to Greek Law, the oldest born should inherit ____

The largest share

How does Hades get assigned the Underworld?

They draw lots. Hades draws the short straw

What are the consequences or results of Hades being the god of the Underworld, rather than something else.

He is not worshipped as much by humans, the other gods do not visit him, his new home is dark adn full of sadness

What physical descriptions do we have of the underworld?

Dark, dank, full of rivers, gloomy, misty, smells like death

The physical description of the underworld is based on____

caves

Who watch over the dead souls of the underworld?

Cerberus, 100-handed ones, charon

What is Charon’s jobs?

TO ferry should across the river Styx. He is the border between life and death.

What are the consequences for the dead if they couldn’t pay Charon?

The would wander on the banks of the river Styx and never go into the underworld. They would become ghosts.

How do we know the greeks took the ritual of placinga coin on the dead seriously?

There are laws and punishments for those who did not do it

Explain the purpose of the ancient Voodoo dolls archaeologists have found?

They have spells that call up the dead to torture people who are still living

What is Sisyphus’ punishment for trying to escape death?

He has to roll a boulder up a hill for eternity

How did Sisyphus try to cheat death?

He asks his wife ot not bury him when he dies

What message does the story of Sisyphus give to the greeks?

you cannot escape death.

How does Eurydice die?

She is chased by a Satyr, falls into a pit of poisonous vipers, and dies

How does Orpheus get past Cerberus at the gate of Hades?

He plays his lyre, causing Cerberus to be stunned

How does orpheus convince hades to release Eurydice from the underworld?

He plays for Hades. hades weeps and is so moved by the music

What are the conditions of Eurydice’s escape from the underworld? What happened?

Orpheus cannot turn around to see if Eurydice is following him out of hades. Orpheus begins to doubt and looks back. Eurydice is taken back to the underworld.

The gold inscriptions archeologists have found have what purpose?

They are directions to the underworld or passports to the underworld

What changes the view of death in the ancient world?

Christianity

In the gospel of Nicodemus, what story is told?

Jesus going down into hades and releasing the souls into paradise.

Jason -

One of the greatest heroes. Rough birth. His uncle stole the kingdom from his father. Was to grow up and take over the throne.

Pelias-

Uncle of Jason. Stole the kingdom and is king. Went to the oracle. Asked for golden fleece from Jason if he wanted to take the kingdom back. Thought it would be impossible for him.

Athena-

Goddess of arts, intelligence, wisdom, craft. Famous for gray eyes. Taught the Greeks how to cook and sew.

Argonauts-

The people who helped Jason on his quest. Many gods and heroes, like hercules. Jason’s Crew members.

Phinaes-

King of Thres. Handy at telling fortunes. Blinded by the Gods. Harpies always ate his food, he was always hungry.

Aeeties-

King of colchis. Had the golden fleece. Would give it if he could plow grass with two enchanted bulls in it.

Medea-

She liked Jason. Liked magic. Helped Jason on his quest by telling him to plow the grass. Gave him ointment and bags of rocks.

Fleece-

Soft cloth used to make warm clothes. Trap body heat. Sheeps wool

gyro-

Greek dish, meat cooked vertically. Fed on bread or stuffed in pita.

Yoke-

wooden crosspiece over two animals and attached to plow

Lyre-

a harp or stringed instrument

Harpies-

Half woman half wolf. Hungry an stinky.

Sirens

Beautiful mermaids, bird with pretty face. Eats people. Tricks captains and crash their boats.

Charybdis

Whirlpool monster, lived in the river most dangerous passage

Scylla

6 headed sea creatures on rocks and waves

How did athena help jason-

Helped guide him and built the magical boat. Phi

How did phineas help jason

Told jason how to get to island of colchis and get past cliffs that would crash all ships that pass.

How did Medea help jason

Helped him to plow the field with the bulls. Became his queen

How did Orpheus help jason

Charm wild animals. Helped them to pass the island of sirens. distracted them with his music

Echo-

A woodland fairy-nymph. Kind loving good at singing. Lived in nature, forest. Talk with animals. Favorited by Zeus and Artemis. Loved Narcissus. Punished by Hera and for helping Zeus Cheat.

Zeus-

loved echo. King of olympus. Loved many women. Made echo watch for hera while he would cheat.

Hera-

Zeus wife. Scourge the woods for Zeus when he would leave to cheat. Caught him one day, and echo distracted her. Punished Echo to make her only be able to repeat the last thing said to her.

Narcissus-

The man echo loves. Good looking. Son of nymph and river god. Would only grow if didn’t get to know himself told by oracle. Live in the forest as hunter. Saw reflection in the water and fell in love with his refelction. Die because he got full of himself and he got turned into a white flower.

Echo Def-

Sound seamed to be repeated. causes sound waves to reflect back at you.

vague

uncertain, unclear

Ladies man, aka

libertine, player, flirt

How are echo and Narcissus alike-

Both are charming, Live in the forest, related to a nymph