Studied by 5 peopleDivine Creation Theory
Based on this theory, life on earth is created by a supernatural being called God.
Theory of Catastrophism
According to scientists, this theory assumes that every round of catastrophe/creation is responsible for the evolution of different types of organisms on earth.
Cosmozoic Theory
Life originated from outer space in the form of a resistant spore propelled by radiation pressure, reached Earth, and started the first form of life.
Cosmozoa
According to the Cosmozoic theory, life originated from outer space in the form of a resistant spore called _______.
Philosophical Theory of Eternity
The theory states that life has no beginning and no end.
Abiogenesis Theory
This is also known as the spontaneous generation theory.
Abiogenesis Theory
It states that life can arise from nonliving things such as water, soil, air, etc.
Biogenesis Theory
This states that all living things arise from pre-existing living things.
Biogenesis Theory
Among the six theories provided, this theory was favored most by the scientific community.
Religion or Christian Belief
The people behind the Divine Creation Theory.
Bishop James Ussher and Baron Georges Cuvier
The people behind the Theory of Catastrophism.
Sir Hermann Bondi, Thomas Gold, and Sir Fred Hoyle
The people behind the Philosophical Theory of Eternity.
Richter and Arrhenius
The people behind the Cosmozoic Theory.
Alexander Oparin and J.B.S. Haldane
The people behind the Abiogenesis Theory.
Louis Pasteur
The person behind the Biogenesis Theory.
Atom
The fundamental unit of matter.
Molecule
It is a chemical structure consisting of at least two atoms held together by one or more chemical bonds.
Macromolecules
These are large molecules important to biophysical processes, such as a protein or nucleic acid.
Organelle
A structure that has a specific function within the cell.
Cells
It is the structural and functional unit of life.
Prokaryotes
These are single-celled organisms that do not have membrane-bound organelles.
Eukaryotes
These have membrane-bound organelles like the nucleus
Tissue
Groups of similar cells performing specific functions within an organism.
Nervous Tissues
There are four main types of tissue in animals: epithelial tissues, connective tissues, muscle tissues, and _______.
Ground Tissues
There are three main types of tissue in plants: vascular tissues, dermal tissues, and _______.
Organs
Collections of tissues grouped together performing a common function.
Kidneys, Lungs, Liver, Heart, and Brain
Mammals have five vital organs, namely…
The Leaf, Stem, Root, and Reproductive Structure
Plants have four major organs, namely…
Organ System
A higher level of organization that consists of functionally related organs.
Organisms
These are the living individual entities composed of various organ systems that function altogether.
Population
A group of organisms of the same species living together within a specific area/habitat.
Community
It is a group of organisms composed of different species living together and interacting in a certain area or habitat.
Ecosystem
Group of organisms interacting with the non-living environment.
Biosphere
Global sum of all ecosystems.
Robert Hooke
In 1665, he used a microscope to examine a thin slice of cork.
Hans and Zacharias Janssen
During the 1590s, they invented the compound microscope.
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
In 1674, he became the first man to witness a live cell under a microscope.
Matthias Schleiden
He is a German botanist who, in 1839, showed that the development of all vegetable tissues comes from the activity of cells.
Theodor Schwann
In the same year, this German physiologist proposed that in animals too, every structural element is composed of cells and cell products.
Rudolf Virchow
In 1855, this German pathologist coined the phrase “Omnis cellula e cellular” meaning cells originate from cells.
Cell Wall
It is the covering of the plant cell which is present only in plants.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
It is a series of interconnected membranous sacs and tubules within the cytoplasm that collectively modifies proteins and synthesizes lipids.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
It is rough due to the ribosomes attached to the membrane.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Its function includes the synthesis of carbohydrates, lipids, and steroid hormones.
Cytoplasm
It is the entire region of the cell between the plasma membrane and the nuclear envelope.
Cytosol
The fluid portion of the cytoplasm is called _______.
Ribosomes
It appears either as clusters or single, tiny dots that float freely in the cytoplasm.
Golgi Body/Apparatus
Sorting, tagging, packaging, and distribution of lipids and proteins destined to leave the cell and for use within the cell takes place in _______.
Camillo Golgi
The Golgi Body/Apparatus were named for _______, an Italian physician who first identified them.
Lysosome
It is also called the suicidal bag of cells which can only be found in animal cells.
Peroxisome
It carries out enzymes that involve oxidation reactions that break down fatty acids and amino acids.
Mitochondria
It is the powerhouse of the cell or energy factories because they are responsible for making adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
It produced through cellular respiration using chemical energy found in glucose and other nutrients.
Chloroplast
It contains the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll that gives most plants the green color that they use in photosynthesis.
Grana
Chloroplast have closed compartments of stacked membranes called _______ which lie inside the membrane.
Thylakoids
A chloroplast may contain a hundred or more grana and each granum may contain from a few or several dozen disk-shaped structures called _______.
Stroma
Surrounding the thylakoids is a fluid matrix called the _______ where you can find the enzymes used to synthesize glucose during photosynthesis.
Vacuoles
It plays a major role in regulating the cell’s concentration of water in changing environmental conditions.
Tonoplast
The membrane surrounding vacuoles is called the _______.
Microfilaments
They function in cellular movements such as contraction, crawling, and pinching, during cell division, and formation of cellular extension.
Intermediate Filaments
It has no role in cell movement, its function is purely structural.
Microtubules
It helps with the cell-resistant compression, providing a track along which vesicles move through the cell.
Nucleus
It has the genetic material which is the DNA containing the instructions for the structure and function of all living organisms.
Nuclear Envelope
It is the outermost portion of the nucleus that separates the nucleus from cytoplasm.
Nucleoplasm
It is a semi-solid fluid inside the cell.
Bacteria
These are single-celled organisms that lack nucleus or any membrane-bound organelle.
Cell Wall
Its main function is to help in providing support, mechanical strength and rigidity to the cell.
Peptidoglycan
A protein-sugar (polysaccharide) molecule.
Capsule
Its role is to keep bacteria from drying out and protect it from phagocytosis (engulfing) by larger microorganisms.
Cytoplasm
Its function is for cellular growth, metabolism and replication of genetic material of bacterial cells.
Cytoplasm
It is also called the storehouse of all the chemicals and components that are used to sustain life of a bacteria.
Plasma Membrane
It helps in transportation of substances including removal of wastes from the body and providing a mechanical barrier to the cell.
Ribosome
It also helps in transferring the genetic material of bacterial cells.
Flagella
It is a hair-like structure that provides a means of locomotion.
Pili
It assists the bacteria in attaching or adhering on a surface or sometimes to host.
Nucleoid
It is an irregularly-shaped section of the prokaryotic cell where DNA is housed.
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