Chapter 6- Ionic Bonding
- Noble gases have complete octets or duplets so they are stable (unreactive). In order for other atoms to gain stability, they either lose, gain, or share electrons to form ions.
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- Atoms lose or gain electrons to become either positive ions (cations) or negative ions (anions).
- Ions are charged particles formed from atoms or the group of atoms by losing or gaining electrons.
- Ions are either negative or positive.
- Metals lose electrons to form cations and non-metals gain electrons to form anions.
- A polyatomic ion is a group of atoms that carry a charge.
FORMATION OF IONIC BONDS
- Formed between metals and non-metals.
- Metal atoms lose electrons which are transferred to each of the non-metal atoms.
- Positive metal ions and negative non-metal ions are attracted to each other by electrostatic forces of attraction.
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To write the chemical formula of an ionic compound, balance the charges on each ion such that there is no net charge on the compound.
PROPERTIES OF IONIC COMPOUNDS
- Ionic compounds have regularly-arranged, giant lattice structures.
- They have high melting and boiling points due to the strong electrostatic forces of attraction between ions.
- They are soluble in water but not in organic solvents such as ethanol and oil.
- They conduct electricity in molten and aqueous state due to free electrons and ions respectively. They do not conduct in solid state.
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