Chapter 6- Ionic Bonding

• Noble gases have complete octets or duplets so they are stable (unreactive). In order for other atoms to gain stability, they either lose, gain, or share electrons to form ions.
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• Atoms lose or gain electrons to become either positive ions (cations) or negative ions (anions).
• Ions are charged particles formed from atoms or the group of atoms by losing or gaining electrons.
• Ions are either negative or positive.
• Metals lose electrons to form cations and non-metals gain electrons to form anions.
• A polyatomic ion is a group of atoms that carry a charge.

FORMATION OF IONIC BONDS

• Formed between metals and non-metals.

• Metal atoms lose electrons which are transferred to each of the non-metal atoms.

• Positive metal ions and negative non-metal ions are attracted to each other by electrostatic forces of attraction.

  

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To write the chemical formula of an ionic compound, balance the charges on each ion such that there is no net charge on the compound.

PROPERTIES OF IONIC COMPOUNDS

• Ionic compounds have regularly-arranged, giant lattice structures.
• They have high melting and boiling points due to the strong electrostatic forces of attraction between ions.
• They are soluble in water but not in organic solvents such as ethanol and oil.
• They conduct electricity in molten and aqueous state due to free electrons and ions respectively. They do not conduct in solid state.

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