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a-fib
arterial fibrilation
AED
automated external defibrillator
ICD
implantable cardiovater-defibrillator
CC
cardiac catheterization
CVI
chronic venous insufficiency
CABG
coronary artery bypass graft
CAD
coronary artery disease
ECG
electrocardiogram
HTN
hypertension
MI
myocardial infarction
PAD
peripheral artery disease
PVD
peripheral vascular disease
TST
thallium stress test
tPA
tissue plasminogen activator
v fib
ventricular fibrillation
cardiovascular
pertaining to the heart and blood vessels
blood
the fluid tissue of the body that transports oxygen and nutrients to the body tissues
heart
a small (fist sized), hollow, muscular organ located in between the lungs
function heart
to effectively pump blood and to maintain blood flow needed throughout the entire body
apex
the lower tip of the heart
pericardial sac
what is an alternative name for the pericardium?
pericardium
the double-walled membrane enclosing the heart
parietal pericardium
the very outer layer of the membrane, a fibrous sac surrounding and protecting the heart
pericardial fluid
a lubricative fluid, found between the outer and inner layers of the pericardium, that prevents friction when the heart beats
visceral pericardium
the inner layer of the pericardium, or the outermost layer of the heart
epicardium
what is the visceral pericardium called when referred to as the “outermost layer of the heart?”
myocardium
middle, thickest of 3 heart layers consisting of specialized myocardial muscle and responsible for heart contraction and relaxation
endocardium
consists of epithelial tissue, the surface that directly contacts blood as it is pumped into and out of the heart
coronary arteries
the arteries supplying oxygen rich blood to the myocardium
atria
the two upper chambers of the heart that receive all blood that is pumped into the heart
interatrial septum
the wall separating the left and right atria from one another
ventricles
the two lower chambers responsible for pumping blood throughout the entire body
thicker
the walls of the ventricles are _____ than those in the atria
ventricle (not pertaining to the cardiovascular system)
a normal hollow chamber of the brain
interventricular septum
the wall separating the left and right ventricles from one another
tricuspid valve
valve controlling the opening between the right atrium and ventricle
pulmonary semilunar valve
valve located in between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery that is shaped like a half moon
mitral valve
valve between left atrium and ventricle
bicuspid valve
what is another name for the mitral valve?
aortic semilunar valve
valve located between the left ventricle and pulmonary artery that is shaped like a half moon
oxygenated
oxygen rich, containing adequate oxygen
deoxygenated
oxygen poor, not yet containing adequate oxygen supply
1st step of blood flow
the right atrium receives oxygen-poor blood from all tissues, except the lungs, through the superior vena cava. blood flows out of the right atrium through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle.
2nd step of blood flow
the right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood through the pulmonary semilunar valve and into the pulmonary artery, which carries it to the lungs
3rd step of blood flow
the left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the four pulmonary veins. the blood flows out of the left atrium, through the mitral valve, and into the left ventricle
4th step of blood flow
the left ventricle receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium, blood flows out of the left ventricle through the aortic semilunar valve and into the aorta. the aorta carries the blood to all parts of the body (not the lungs)
pulmonary circulation
the flow of blood between the heart and lungs only
pulmonary arteries
carry deoxygenated blood out of the right ventricle and into the lungs
arteries
oxygenated blood is usually carried by?
lungs
where is carbon dioxide exchanged for fresh oxygen (where does deoxygenated blood become oxygenated)?
pulmonary veins
carry oxygenated blood from the lungs into the left atrium of the heart
veins
deoxygenated blood is usually carried by?
systemic circulation
the flow of blood to all parts of the body except the lungs
left ventricle
pumps oxygenated blood out of the heart and into arterial circulation
heartbeat
the contraction and relaxation of the heart to pump blood throughout the body
electrical impulses
how is the rate and regularity of the heartbeat determined?
conduction system
the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, and bundle of his that control the nerve-stimulated electrical impulses
natural pacemaker
the sinoatrial node is also called the?
location sinoatrial node
the posterior wall of the right atrium, by the superior vena cava entrance
function sinoatrial node
establishes basic rhythm and rate of heartbeat and starts the waves of muscle contraction in the atria, pushing blood into the ventricles
location atrioventricular node
floor of the right atrium, near the interatrial septum
function atrioventricular node
to transmit electrical impulses received by the SA node (sinoatrial node) to the bundle of his
bundle of his
a group of fibers located within the interventricular septum
function bundle of his
to carry an electrical impulse to stimulate heart contractions and to send said impulses forward to the ventricles
location purkinje fibers
within the walls of the ventricles
function purkinje fibers
relay electrical impulses to the cells of the ventricles, stimulating their contraction and forcing blood into the aorta and pulmonary arteries
sinus rhythm
the normal beating of the heart
P wave
the wave shown on an electrocardiogram that results from the contraction of the atria
QRS complex
what is shown on an electrocardiogram that results from the contraction of the ventricles (which contracts as the atria relax)
T wave
the wave shown on an electrocardiogram that results from the relaxation of the ventricles
arteries, capillaries, veins
what are the three types of blood vessels?
structure arteries
muscular and elastic vessels composed of three layers
arterial blood
bright red (due to the adequate oxygen supply)
aorta
the largest blood vessel in the body (beginning from left ventricle) that forms the main trunk of the arterial system
carotid arteries
the major arteries on both sides of the neck that carry blood upward to the head
internal carotid artery
a division of the common carotid artery that brings oxygenated blood directly to the brain
external carotid artery
division of the common carotid artery that brings blood to the face
arterioles
the smaller, thinner arteries that deliver blood to the capillary bed
structure capillaries
one epithelial cell in thickness, smallest blood vessels in body
function capillaries
form networks that deliver oxygen and nutrients to tissue cells; slow blood flow to exchange oxygen, nutrients, and waste with tissues
10%
this percentage of fluid left behind in the tissues becomes lymph
90%
this percent of fluid becomes deoxygenated, and contains waste
venules
the smallest veins of the body that join to form larger veins
structure veins
the walls of veins are thin and less elastic than those of the arteries
superficial veins
located near the body surface
deep veins
located within the tissues and further away from the body surface
venae cavae
the two largest veins in the body that are responsible for returning blood to the heart
superior vena cava
transports blood from the upper portion of the body to the heart
inferior vena cava
transports blood from the lower portion of the body to the heart
pulse
the rhythmic pressure against the walls of an artery caused by the heart’s contraction
blood pressure
the measurement of the amount of systolic and diastolic pressure exerted against the walls of the arteries
systolic pressure
the highest pressure against the walls of an artery that occurs when the ventricles contract
diastolic pressure
the lowest pressure against the walls of an artery that occurs when ventricles are relaxed
blood composition: 45%
formed elements
blood composition: 55%
liquid plasma
plasma
straw colored fluid that contains nutrients, hormones and waste products
plasma composition: 91%
water
plasma composition: 9%
proteins
serum
plasma fluid that has been separated from blood cells and clotting proteins
fibrinogen, prothrombin
the clotting proteins of the plasma that help to control bleeding
Note 
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