EM Waves are Transverse Waves without a medium. They travel in electrical and magnetic fields
When an electric field changes, so does the magnetic field.
The changing magnetic field causes the electric field to change.
“Electromagnetic Waves results when one field vibrates, so does the other”
Speed of Light (300,000 km/s)–The speed on how fast EM Waves can travel
Electromagnetic Spectrum – name for the range of electromagnetic waves when placed in order of frequency and wavelength.
^^The Electromagnetic Spectrum according to Frequency:^^
^^The Electromagnetic Spectrum according to their wavelengths:^^
==Radio Waves== are waves that has the lowest frequency and longest wavelength, while Gamma Rays are waves that has the highest frequency and the shortest wavelength.
RADAR is an acronym of ==Radio Detection And Ranging==
Visible Lights are the only EM Waves that we can see:
Cosmic Rays–another high-energy radiation from energetic cosmic events in space. These rays are produced by stars such as the sun. One of the examples of Cosmic Rays are aurora borealis or the northern lights.
Gamma Rays–waves used for eliminating cancer cells and it is harmful to our body once it is used wrong. Exploding nuclear weapons also emits gamma rays.
UV Rays or Ultraviolet Rays has 3 classifications (take in mind that the longer the wavelength, the lower the energy they emit):
X-Rays–are wavelengths with 10 nm to 0.01m, these rays have enough energy to penetrate deep into tissues and can cause damage to cells
^^Scientist Contributions:^^
^^Seven Properties of Light^^^^:^^
Rays – light waves that travels in straight lines
Reflection – is the change in direction of a wave front at an interface between two different media so that the wave front returns into the medium from which it originated
Refraction - is the change in direction of wave propagation due to a change in its transmission medium
Dispersion–a phenomenon in which the phase velocity of a wave depends on its frequency
Diffraction - is the spreading of light after it passes around the edge of an object
Absorption–the light wave could be absorbed by the object, in which case its energy is converted to heat (THERMAL ENERGY).
^^Historical Background in the study of Dual Nature of Light^^
Planck’s Equations:
Constant Terms:
c = speed of light (3 x 10^8m/s)
h = planck’s constant (6.63 x 10-^34)
For Finding the Energy:
For Finding the Frequency:
For Finding the Wavelength
Terms:
Ray Tracing:
Tips on how to determine the L.O.S.T of an image formed in mirrors and lenses:
THE L (Location):
THE O (Orientation):
THE S (Size):
THE T (Type):
EXAMPLE:
There are special cases when the object is located at “F”, there will be no image formed
^^Thin Lens Equation and Magnification^^
The Human Eye produces a real, inverted image in the retina.
The Camera forms a real and inverted image on a photographic film.
The Compound Microscope forms a real, inverted, and enlarged image near the focus of the eyepiece.
The eyepiece of A Telescope works as magnifier, therefore Telescopes produces enlarged images