Week 2- Immune Conditions & Infectious Diseases

Why can measles (rubeola) be dangerous for the fetus when the mother contracts it?

can cross the placenta

What’s the mode of transmission for measles (rubeola)? 

droplet, airborne, and transplacental

What is an expected rash assessment for Measles (rubeola)? 

Last about 3 days, blanches when pressing down, starts red & turns brown after ripening Spots small w/ white dots in middle

What are the symptoms of Measles (rubeola)?

cough, conjunctivitis, and coryza (stuffy nose)

What’s the mode of transmission for mumps (Paramyxovirus)?

droplet and direct contact

When is mumps (Paramyxovirus) communicable?

before & after parotid gland swelling begins

What are the symptoms of mumps (Paramyxovirus)?

Fatigue, fever headache, weight loss, loss of appetite, jaw or ear pain (chewing a lot of worse)

What is the treatment of mumps (Paramyxovirus)?

bed rest, avoid chewy foods, hot cold compresses, treat symptoms

What’s the mode of transmission for rubella (German measles)?

droplet (blood, urine, stool), airborne, transplacental

What are the S&S of Rubella (German measles)?

fever, tiredness, NO food, red rash on face, maculopapular rash on body, petechiae on the roof of palate

What’s the treatment for Rubella (German Measles)?

precautions, antipyretics & treating symptoms

What’s the mode of transmission for Varicella (Chicken pox)? 

Droplet, airborne, direct contact

What are the S&S for Varicella (Chicken pox)? 

Rashes start on the trunk, then spread to the face and the rest of the body, lesions that get postules (dry & crust over)

What’s the treatment for Varicella (Chicken pox)? 

isolation to prevent spread

What makes Pertussis (Whooping Cough) a communicable disease?

respiratory secretions

How long does Pertussis (Whooping Cough) last? 

10 days

What are the S&S of Pertussis (Whooping Cough)?

respiratory infection S&S (cough, increased work of breathing, cyanosis), can’t keep their tongue in their mouth, weight loss

What are some forms of treatment for Pertussis (Whooping Cough)?

isolation, antimicrobial therapies, factors to reduce cough, humidified oxygen (work w/ nasal passage and keep it moist)

What can help prevent Pertussis (Whooping Cough)?

T-dap vaccine

When is Roseola (Exanthema Subitum) communicable? 

from fever to 1st rash appearance

What are the S&S of Roseola (Exanthema Subitum)?

sudden fever 3-5 days (seizures d/t being too hot), blanching rash (lasts 2 days after the fever subsides)

What’s the mode of transmission for Diphtheria (Corynebacterium diphtheria)?

direct contact or contaminated surfaces

What can help diagnose Diphtheria (Corynebacterium diphtheria)?

take culture from nose and mouth

What are the S&S of Diphtheria (Corynebacterium diphtheria)?

start with a fever, complain about sore throat, foul smell, slough on throat, lymphadenitis, and get a big neck,

What’s the treatment for Diphtheria (Corynebacterium diphtheria)?

strict isolation, diphtheria antibody (if not allergic to horses), bed rest, trach tube not EG (if compromised)

What’s the mode of transmission for Poliomyelitis (Enteroviruses)?

direct contact

When is Poliomyelitis (Enteroviruses) communicable?

1 week in throat AND 4-6 weeks in feces

What are the S&S for Poliomyelitis (Enteroviruses)?

fever, nausea, headache, abdominal pain, stiff trunk (can progress to paralysis)

What’s the treatment for Poliomyelitis (Enteroviruses)?

supportive care

What are the S&S of Erythema Infectiosum?

fevr, tired, not eating/drinking, runny nose and red cheeks (last up to 20 days)

What are the symptoms of Infectious Mononucleosis (Epstein-Barr)?

flu symptoms: fever, tired, swollen tonsils/lymph nodes, macular rash over their trunk,

Patient with Infectious Mononucleosis (Epstein-Barr) are more suceptible to…

getting a ruptured spleen, so they can complain of left upper quadrant side/shoulder pain

What’s the mode of transmission for Rocky Mountain spotted Fever? 

infected tick bite

What are the S&S of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?

Fever, tiredness, myalgia, maculopapular or petechial rash, ankles and wrists, but can spread

What should be done when patients are diagnosed w/ Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?

save the tick to test it

What’s the mode of transmission for CA-MRSA? 

blood stream or through cuts/wounds d/t poor hygiene or IV needles

What can CA-MRSA cause to patients?

Sepsis, Cellulitis, Endocarditis, Osteomyelitis, Toxic shock syndrome, Organ Failure & Death

Where is CA-MRSA found?

in the nose

What are the S&S of CA-MRSA? 

pain in the site, fever, and develop into a cough and chills

What does HIV infect?

CD4 and T cells since it switches them off

Children/infants w/ HIV are at risk for…

developing life-threatening opportunistic infections

How is HIV diagnosed? 

blood test for the p24 antigen test

What is a factor to consider for children w/ HIV?

Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, which can cause watery stool as a primary symptom

What’s the assessment for children w/ HIV?

chronic cough, chronic/recurrent diarrhea, Developmental delay or regression of milestones, failure to thrive, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, fatigue, night sweats, oral candidiasis, parotitis, weight loss

What are some of the medications for children w/ HIV? 

antiretrovirals

What are antiretrovirals as an HIV med?

suppress replication of HIV in the immune system