Mod 3: The Nervous System

How does Donepezil (Aricept) work to prevent worsening of Alzheimer's Disease symptoms?

an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor that stops breakdown of acetylcholine levels, resulting in enhanced memory.

What is the goal of drugs for Donepezil (Aricept)? (Alzheimer's Drug)

to improve cognitive function.

What are the actions of the parasympathetic division?

1. Rest and digest

2. Adrenergic blockers (taking foot off of acceleration) and Cholinergic (putting foot on brake).

3. Main neurotransmitter is Acetylcholine.

What are the actions of the sympathetic division?

1. Fight or flight

2. Adrenergic (acceleration) and Anticholinergic (taking foot off brake).

3. Main neurotransmitter is Norepinephrine.

What are the adverse effects of anticholinergics such as atropine?

1. Faster HR

2. bronchodilation

3. bladder relaxation

4. mydriasis (dilated pupils)

5. suppression of oral secretions

What are the effects of adrenergic drugs such as Neo-Synephrine?

1. Elevated BP

2. tachycardia

3. bronchodilation

4. vasoconstriction.

What are major adverse effects for benzodiazepines such as lorazepam (Ativan)?

1. respiratory depression

2. decreased LOC.

What are the adverse effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as escitalopram (Lexapro)?

1. dizziness

2. somnolence (drowsiness)

3. confusion

How do we assess pain before and after giving pain medication?

Using pain scales (0-10 on a pain scale).

What are the major adverse effects of opiates?

1. dysphoria (restlessness, depression, and anxiety)

2. hallucinations

3. nausea

4. constipation

5. dizziness

6. itching sensation.

Explain the use of opiates for care at the end of life.

Reduces pain and shortness of breath (SOB).