U.S. History II Final Review

Franklin Roosevelt

Interventionist, asked Congress to give weapons to British, used promoted lend-lease, ‘33-’49.

Neutrality Act of 1935

Prohibited the sale of arms and monitors to any belligerent nation.

Neutrality Act fo 1937

“Cash and carry,’ required warring nations to pay cash for all on-war goods and carry them back on their own ships.

Lend-Lease

1941, law providing that any nation whose security was crucial to US interests could receive

Interventionism

A state’s interference in the domestic affairs of another state, aiming to influence its policies or behavior.

Operation Overload / D-Day

Allied invasion of Nazi-occupied Europe, largest amphibious and aerial invasion in world history.

Women’s Contribution to WWII

Worked in factories and shipyards, built planes, tanks, andshops.

Executive Order 9066

Government could set up Japanese American internment camps, US government imprisoned Americans of Japanese descent or Japanese immigrants on the justification of Espionage.

Food Rationing during WWII

Rations citizens foods, mandatory, everyone has ration books

Truman’s Nuke Decision

Decided to drop because it was necessary to end the war, tests were made.

Yalta Conférence

New polish borders, Eastern Europe free and democratic governments, split Germany into three zones, disarmed Germany and made them pay war reparations.

Potsdam Conference

Implemented the decisions reached at Yalta, July 16-August 2, 1945

Allied Occupation in Germany

Split into three different parts between US, France, and Britain. Did the same with Berlin.

Marshall Plan

US sponsored program designed to rehabilitate the economies of 17 Western and south European nations to create stable conditions for democratic governments

Berlin Airlift

Truman and western allies gave continual daily airlift which brought resources to Berlin, saved 2.5 million lives, lasted from June 26, 1948 to September 30, 1949

Korean War

1950 to 1953, first proxy war of Cold War, UN supported south since North wanted communism, UN wanted to stop communism

Berlin Wall

1961 to 1989, symbol of Cold War, built and maintained by eastern Germany, stopped flow of people leaving eastern Berlin in order to save eastern Germany economy

Policy of Containment

US foreign policy seeking to keep communism where it is, keep from spreading (domino effect), became rationale of US military

Nikita Kruschev

Stalin‘s successor, authorized Cuban missiles

Space Race

1957 to 1975, USSR first satellite in space sputnik 1957, US first satellite explore one 1958, USSR first human in space, US first human on moon Neil Armstrong 1969

Moon Landing

US Neil Armstrong in 1969

Domino Theory

If one nation falls to communism, the rest of the nations in the region will fall to communism

LBJ Not Rerunning

Because of the Vietnam War trust situation, lying about the situation in Vietnam

War Powers Act of 1973

Congress reestablished some limits on executive branch, required president to inform Congress of any commitment of troops abroad within 48 hours to withdraw within 60 days unless Congress approved

Communist Subversion

The effort to secretly weaken a nation and overthrow its government

Loyalty Review Program

To screen all federal employees, 1947 to 1951, 6 million federal employees were screened

HUAC

Held public hearings on communist aversion to expose communist, communist sympathizers and fellow travelers

McCarthyism

The tactic of damaging reputations with vague and unfound charges

Red Scare

Rumors and accusations of communist and US and of communist infiltration of government

Reds

Communists

Rosenbergs

Sent to death for espionage in 1953

Fallout Shelters

Created due to added threat of a nuclear war, families built and stocked them

TV

Celebrated pregnancy, parenthood, and large families, became more popular, created a generational gap

GI Bill

1944 to 1956, AKA serviceman’s readjustment act, provided generous loans to veterans

Growth of Suburbia

Growth of plant residential communities near cities

Federal Highway Act

1956, largest public works program in American history, $25 billion and 40,000+ highway miles made

Consumerism

With disposable income, Americans bought more luxury items, such as refrigerators, washing machines, vacuum, cleaners, and air conditioners

Truman’s Fair Deal

Set of proposals from Truman to Congress, aim to expand the new deal and address post war, social and economical issues

LBJs Great Society

Lyndon B. Johnson’s vision of a more perfect and equitable society the United States could become

War on Poverty

Lyndon B. Johnson wanted to defeat poverty with the great society plan

SDS (Students for a Democratic Society)

Focused on protesting, Vietnam war, addressed issues, like poverty, campus, regulation, nuclear power and racism

Hippie Movement

Promoted flamboyant dressing, rock, music, drug usage, and free living

Goals of Women’s Movement

Men and women equal in all aspects

Equal Rights Amendment

Proposed amendment to the US Constitution to guarantee equal legal rights for all sex’s

Title IX

Prohibited federally funded schools from discriminating against girls and admissions and athletics

Amendment Requirements

Passed by Congress and 3/4 of state approve

Civil Rights Movement

Began because African Americans weren’t represented in the government and were segregated, aimed to desegregate the south and remove all voting barriers.

Segregation

The division of white people and black people, found nationwide.

Jim Crow Laws

Local segregation laws; ex, transportation, education, recreational buildings.

MLK Jr.

Spokesman of Montgomery Boycott, preached Civil rights and was a major figure during the Civil Rights Movement.

Rosa Parks

African American woman who refused to get off the bus for a white man, this sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott which then ended up succeeding, making the case popular.

Jackie Robinson

First black American to e a football player, challenged those against civil rights.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Passed during LBJ’s administration after an 87 day filibuster, gave federal government the power to prevent discrimination.

Malcolm X

Founder and symbol of black power movement, tough childhood, educated self, powerful and charismatic speaker, criticized white society and mainstream Civil Rights Movement.

Civil Disobedience

Non-violent resistance where people intentionally break laws to protest injustice.

“I have a dream” Speech

Emphasized themes of freedom, justice, and equality, advocating to end racism.

Why did FDR get the Lend-Lease Act passed?

Specifically for the U.K.

Why did the US pass the Neutrality Act of ‘35-’37?

To prevent us from getting into WWII and to avoid another Lusitania/Sussex situation from happening.

How did women contribute to WWII?

Making up 1/3 of the workforce.

Why did the US create Japanese internment camps?

They were afraid of Japanese invasion of the West Coast.

Who rationed in the US and how?

Every US citizen, by using ration tickets.

How many times was FDR elected?

4, died early on in the 4th term.

Why did Truman decide to drop the nukes on Japan?

To prevent American land invasion, saving millions, and he wanted to end the war once and for all.

Where did D. Day (Operation Overlord) occur?

Normandy, France.

Who occupied France during D-Day?

Nazis.

Who liberated Paris?

The U.S.

What did the win at D-Day do?

Opened the Western front.

What did the US have to do when Americans started moving to the suburbs?

Build more cars, houses, and highways.

What policy did the US follow during the Cold War?

Policy of Containment.

What are examples of the Policy of Containment?

Berlin Airlift, Marshall Plan, Korean War, US following the UN.

What did WWII vets spend their loans on?

Starting businesses, education, and housing.

What did Eisenhower believe in?

The domino effect.

Where is Vietnam located?

South East Asia, French called it Indochina.

What did the HUAC and Loyalists Program look for?

Communists in federal workplaces.

Why did JFK propose the Peace Corps?

To help poor nations.

What was FDRs program?

The New Deal.

What was Trumans program?

The Fair Deal.

What was Johnson’s program?

The Great Society.

Why were FDRs, Trumans, and Johnsons programs created?

To focus on the US, sometimes went out to focus on foreign wars.

What happened to McCarthy?

He was censured, became more of a threat than actual communists.

What did JFKs inaugural speech promote?

The Peace Corps.

Who was Krushev?

Leader of the Soviets during the 60s.

What “won” the US the space race?

The moon landing.

What did the Potsdam and Yalta Conference do?

Split Germany into 4 zones.

What did MLKs speech talk about?

The constitution, declaration of independce, guaranteed rights set by founding fathers.

What did the Civil Rights Act of ‘64 end?

Segregation.

What did MLK want?

Peaceful protests, civil disobedience, advocated for following moral principles over the law.

Why didn’t LBJ run again?

Because of the Vietnam War controversies.

What did the War Powers Act do?

Limited the executive branch and president when it came to sendng troops.

What was LBJs war on poverty similar to?

The New Deal.

Who was Marin Gay?

Wrote the song father father, don;t you escalate, what’s going on.

What was Marin Gay’s song about?

Social conflict during times, the divided nations during the war.

What did the Feminist Movement focus on?

Equal work for equal pay.

Why didn’t the Equal Rights Act pass?

It needed ¾ of states to approve and it idn’t get enough votes.

What did Jim Crow prohibit?

Interracial marriage, including other racial laws.

What was the US viewed as after the Vietnam War?

An aggressor.

What did LBJ do during the Vietnam War?

Sent combat troops and increased US military involvement in Vietnam.

What was one of the main reasons for the start of Students for a Democratic Society?

The Vietnam War.

What did Hippies do pertaining to mainstream culture?

They dropped out.

What caused the construction of the Berlin Wall?

East Berliners leaving East Berlin to pursue a better life.