Chapter 20, Lesson 7 and Lesson 8: Systemic Vessels of the Axial and Appendicular Region

Flashcards from Chapter 20, Lesson 7 and Lesson 8 of McGraw Hill Anatomy and Physiology, Tenth Edition, by Kenneth S. Saladin.

Ascending aorta

Where the left and right coronary arteries branch off to supply the heart

Aortic arch arteries

1. Brachiocephalic trunk (splits into the right common carotid and right subclavian)

2. Left common carotid

3. Left subclavian

Right common carotid

Supplies the right side of the head

Right subclavian

Supplies the right shoulder and upper limb

Left common carotid

Supplies the left side of the head

Left subclavian

Supplies the left shoulder and upper limb

Descending aorta

Passes downward; called the thoracic aorta above the diaphragm and abdominal aorta below the diaphragm

Vertebral arteries

Arise from the subclavian arteries to enter the cranium via the foramen magnum

Thyrocervical trunks

Tiny arteries arising from the subclavians to supply the thyroid and some scapular muscles

Costocerivcal trunks

Arteries that arise from the subclavians to supply the deep neck and some intercostal muscles

External carotid artery

Gives rise to vessels that supply the neck and face

Internal carotid artery

Supplies the orbits and 80% of the cerebrum

Basilar artery

Created by convergence from vertebral arteries

Cerebral arterial article (circle of Willis)

Loop of arteires that have converged at the base of the brain

Dural venous sinuses

Blood-filled spaces between the layers of dura mater that serve as large, thin-walled, modified veins

Air embolism

The presence of air in the bloodstream; can cause cardiac arrest when entering coronary artery and block cardiac output in chambers

Azygos vein

Vein that drains the thoracic organs, ascends the right side of the posterior thoracic wall

Internal iliac veins

Forms the common iliac veins upon uniting with the external iliac veins, which drain the lower limbs

Hepatic portal system

Receives blood draining from the abdominal digestive tract, as well as the pancreas, gallbladder, spleen

Ascites

Abnormal abdominal distension due to accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity

External iliac artery

Passes deep to inguinal ligament and becomes the femoral artery

Femoral artery

Gives off some branches, passes to the back of the knee as the popliteal artery

Popliteal artery

Gives off small branches (genicular arteries) that supply the knee joint

Pressure points

Points on the artery where firm presure can be applied to reduce bleeding

Hypertension

Chronic resting blood pressure higher than 130/80; is the most common cardiovascular disease as it can cause heart failure, stroke, and kidney failure

Primary hypertension

Results from complex combination of behavioral, hereditary, and other factors (obesity, sedentary behavior, diet, nicotine) that make 90% of cases

Secondary hypertension

Results from other identifiable disorders (kidney disease, arthersclerosis, hyperthyroidism, Cushing syndrome, polycythemia)