somatic symptom, personality, and eating disorders

somatic symptoms and related disorders

-somatic symptom disorder

-conversion disorder

-illness anxiety disorder

somatic symptom disorder

physical symptoms with no medical cause; linked to psychological distress

conversion disorder

-functional neurological symptom disorder

-loss of motor/sensory function without medical cause, often follows stress

illness anxiety disorder

preoccupation with having a serious illness; physical sensations misinterpreted as signs of disease

dissociative identity disorder

-disassociation

-rare disorder involving 2 or more distinct identities

-each may have its own voice, mannerisms, or memories

-host often experience memory gaps beyond ordinary forgetfulness

-often develops in response to early, repeated trauma

disassociation

-disconnection from thoughts, memories or surroundings

-temporary dissociative states are common

fugue state

-sudden loss of identity or memory; may involve travel or new identity

-triggered by extreme psychological distress or trauma

-disassociation helps a child psychologically escape overwhelming pain

-alters may serve different roles

dissociative amnesia

-inability to recall important personal information

-not due to injury, substance use, or ordinary forgetting

-often follows a stressful or traumatic event

-may involve localized amnesia or generalized amnesia

personality disorders

-inflexible, long-standing behavior patterns that impair social functioning

-person often not distressed by symptoms, others are

-often seek treatment due to external pressure

-not diagnosed until adulthood

-10 disorders grouped into 3 clusters

cluster A: odd/eccentric

-characterized by social detachment, suspiciousness, or odd behavior

-often struggle with close relationships

-may seem distant, unusual, or isolated

examples of cluster A

-paranoid personality disorder

-schizoid personality disorder

-schizotypical personality disorder

paranoid personality disorder

deep distrust and suspicion of others

schizoid personality disorder

emotionally cold, detached, prefers solitude

schizotypical personality disorder

eccentric beliefs, odd behavior, social anxiety

cluster B: dramatic, emotional, erratic

-characterized by impulsive, dramatic, or emotionally unstable behavior

-often leads to interpersonal conflict and difficulty maintaining relationships

examples of cluster B

-borderline personality disorder

-histrionic personality disorder

-narcissistic personality disorder

borderline personality disorder

intense, unstable relationships and emotion

histrionic personality disorder

excessive attention-seeking and emotionality

narcissistic personality disorder

inflated sense of self-importance, lack of empathy

antisocial personality disorder

-marked by disregard for others' rights and feelings

-occurs more frequently in males

-often involves deceit, manipulation, and violating social norms or laws

-lack of remorse or guilt for harmful actions

-may never commit crimes, but responsible for about 50% of serious crimes

-cannot be diagnosed before 18

-must show symptoms at least age 15

-individuals who develop it were usually diagnosed with conduct disorder in childhood

clinical features of apd

-lack of conforming to laws, as evidenced by repeatedly committing crimes

-repeated deceitfulness in relationships with others, such as lying, using false names, or conning others for profit or pleasure

-failure to think or plan ahead

-tendency to irritability, anger, and aggression as shown by repeatedly assaulting others or getting into physical fights

-disregard for personal safety or the safety of others

causes of apd

-genetic predisposition

-under-arousal of the autonomic and central nervous system

-underdeveloped amygdala

-environmental risk factors

cluster c: anxious/fearful

-characterized by high levels of anxiety and fearfulness

-inflexible behavior patterns aimed at avoiding perceived threats or rejection

examples cluster c

-avoidant personality disorder

-dependent personality disorder

-obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

avoidant personality disorder

-extreme social inhibition

-feelings of inadequacy

-hypersensitivity to criticism

dependent personality disorder

-excessive need to be taken care of

-submissive and clingy behavior

obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control

feeding and eating disorders

-group of disorders characterized by abnormal eating habits and severe distress about body image

-can cause serious health problems and emotional distress

-most common in adolescence and young adults, especially females

-affects individuals of all body shapes/sizes

anorexia nervosa

-intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat

-severe restriction of food intake leading to low body weight

-distorted body image: seeing oneself as overweight despite being underweight

-often co-occurs with anxiety and depression

symptom of anorexia

-fatigue

-dizziness

-thinning hair

-brittle nails

-and loss of menstruation

possible medical complications of anorexia

-heart problems

-osteoporosis

-organ failure

bulimia nervosa

-recurrent episodes of binge-eating

-preoccupation with body weight

-preventing weight gain

behaviors of bulimia nervosa

-self-induced vomiting

-misuse of laxatives

-fasting

-excessive exercise

physical signs of bulimia nervosa

-dental erosion

-sore throat

-swollen salivary glands

-electrolyte imbalance

associated risks

-dehydration

-gastrointestinal problems

-heart irregularities

biological influences on eating disorders

-genetic predisposition

-brain chemistry

-hormones

psychological influences on eating disorders

-perfectionism

-low self-esteem

-anxiety and emotional regulation difficulties

sociocultural influences on eating disorders

-society pressures and cultural body ideals

-media influence and unrealistic beauty standards

-weight stigma and bullying