Robotics and Artificial Intelligence (IB)

Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence

Behavior by a machine that, if done by a human, would be considered intelligent; involves studying human thought processes and representing them in machines.

Turing Test

A test proposed by Alan Turing where a computer imitates a human to the extent that an interrogator can't distinguish between them.

Artificial Vs Natural (Human) Intelligence

Contrasting AI with human intelligence in terms of permanence, case duplication, cost-effectiveness, consistency, and documentability.

Categories of Artificial Intelligence

Divided into Knowledge-based and Expert Systems, Neural Networks, and Robotics for specialized applications.

Knowledge-based and Expert Systems

Systems using rules of thumb to solve problems; Expert Systems are advanced versions interacting like human experts, often based on fuzzy logic.

Neural Networks

AI section enabling systems to learn and recognize features based on interconnected 'nerve cells' model.

Robotics

Study and design of robots capable of performing various tasks, combining sensory systems with mechanical motion.

Robots Advantages over Humans

More reliable, cost-effective, environmentally insensitive, consistent, and work only for the organization.

Rudimentary Robot

A single mechanical arm controlled by a computer, used for repetitive tasks requiring precision movements like manufacturing, painting, and surgery.

Where are robots used?

Robots are used day after day in factories, while others are highly experimental and use artificial intelligence to behave more and more like living creatures. Some robots are being designed to perform surgery that requires great precision, explore space, the ocean, other dangerous areas.

What are the advantages of robots over humans?

1. More reliable work, 95 percent uptime, works three shifts, no vacations, and no coffee breaks.

2. Work at lower cost, no workman's compensation, no retirement benefits, and no insurance plans.

3. Environmentally insensitive i.e can work in poor climatic conditions, in high noise environs, in hazardous location e.t.c.

4. More consistent, accurate work, improve quality, reduce scrap, production predictable, efficient use of capital, self-diagnosis of errors, improves work methods.

5. Work only for the organization, no moonlighting, no espionage for competition, no Sabotage, no theft, no feather-bedding.

How do robots work?

Robots combine sensory systems with mechanical motion to produce machines of widely varying intelligence and abilities.

What is the difference between automatic machine and intelligent robot

The difference between the automatic machine and an intelligent robot is that the robot senses its environment and modifies its behavior as a result of the information gained. The intelligent robot is thought to have humanlike capabilities and attributes.

What are some advantages of natural intelligence?

1. Natural intelligence is creative, whereas AI is rather uninspired. The ability to acquire knowledge is inherent in human beings, but with AI, tailored knowledge must be built into a carefully constructed system.

2. Natural intelligence enables people to benefit and use sensory experience directly, whereas AI systems must work with symbolic input.

3. Human reasoning is able to make use at all times of a very wide context of experience and bring that to bear on individual problems, whereas AI systems typically gain their power by having a very narrow focus.

What are the categories for Artificial Intelligence?

1. Knowledge based and Expert systems,

2. Neural Networks (Simulation of Human Sensory capabilities)

3. Robotics.