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Jean Piaget
• He was born in Switzerland in 1896
• Received his doctoral degree at age 22
• He proposed that the thinking process will develop through each of the stages until a child can think logically
• He identified four stages in which children develop cognitively
Sensorimotor Stage
Lack the idea of OBJECT PERMANENCE
Sensorimotor Stage
The characteristic limitation of this stage is “ thinking by doing”
Sensorimotor Stage
At this stage, the infant gains physical knowledge
Sensorimotor Stage
In this stage children learn about the world through their senses and body movements
grasping and sucking
What 2 reflexes does a baby learn when they are 1-4 months old.
Object Permanence
The idea that objects continue to exist even when out of sight—
Preoperational Stage
• Two to 7 years old
• Coincides the preschool years
• Children start to use symbols such as language to represent objects
• Children are unaware of another person’s perspective
• EGOCENTRIC THOUGHT and LANGUAGE
• Children lack the CONCEPT OF CONSERVATION
Preoperational Stage
At this stage, children learn mostly by language and mental images
Preoperational Stage
At this stage, make-believe play is used to create and express all kinds of mental images
classification
the ability to understand that an object may fit into more than one category
seriation
the ability to order groups of things by size, weight, or any common property
concept of conservation
the knowledge that quantity is unrelated to the arrangement and physical appearance of objects
egocentrism
Everyone views the world like they do
syncretic
a break in logic, changing set of criteria
Intuitive reasoning
type of reasoning wherein the child guesses
time concepts
one of the last to develop in the preoperational stage
weight, area, length, liquid, number, mass, volume
what are the 7 types of conservation
concrete operational stage
• Seven to 11 years old
• This stage represents the elementary grade years
• The child begins to think logically
• Operations are associated with personal experience
• Operations are in concrete situations
• Allow children to classify several classes into a bigger group
• Allow children to order objects in terms of more than one
dimension
• Children can solve conservations tasks
conservation
a given amount of anything remains the same even if it changes shape
reversibility
things can return to their original condition after being changed
formal operational stage
• Eleven years and beyond
• Students have the ability to consider many possibilities for a given condition
• They have the ability to use planning to think ahead
• Students increase their ability to think abstractly
• They can recognize and identify a problem
formal operational stage
Can think in abstract ways
formal operational stage
Recognize and identify a problem
formal operational stage
Understand loyalty and freedom
schemas
the basic building block of intelligent behavior- a way of organizing knowledge
assimilation
the process of taking in new information into our already existing schemas
accommodation
- changing or altering our existing schemas in light of new information
equilibration
-a mechanism that balances between assimilation and accommodation