Cell Transport

Semi-permeable membrane

a cell membrane that allows some, but not all substances through

Channel Proteins

Proteins in the membrane that allow passage of specific molecules through

Carrier Proteins

Proteins in the membrane that change in shape and move specific molecules across that membrane, a form of active transport.

Glyco-things

Carbohydrate chains that can attach to phospholipids or proteins

Solute

Particles that dissolve

Solvent

Liquid that does the dissolving

Solution

mixture of solute and solvent

Diffusion

When particles naturally move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration

Concentration Gradient

When particles are not evenly distributed

Passive Transport

a type of cell transport that does not require energy, and goes with the concentration gradient

Simple Diffusion

Type of diffusion in which particles go through the membrane on their own

Facilitated Diffusion

Type of diffusion in which particles pass through channel protein helpers.

Osmosis

the movement of water across the membrane.

Hypertonic

High solute concentration in solution

Hypotonic

Low solute concentration in solution

Isotonic

Same concentration of solute and water both inside and outside the cell.

Active Transport

Type of cell transport that uses ATP energy, and goes against the concentration gradient

Molecular Pumps

Protein pumps that move molecules against the gradient from low to high concentration (ex: Sodium potassium pump)

Endocytosis

The act of a cell engulfing a lot of stuff.

Phagocytosis

A cell eating (ex: an amoeba engulfing a paramecium)

Pinocytosis

A cell drinking (ex: saltwater single celled organisms need to engulf water to keep solutes balanced

Exocytosis

The act of a cell excreting (spitting out) a lot of stuff. (Ex: Cells releasing many hormones/proteins at once