Chapter 6: Mendelian Genetics in Population

Heterozygote inferiority

________ reduces genetic diversity, one allele tends to be fixed and the other is lost.

Μ

________ → the mutation rare at which A is changed to a.

Elderflowers

________ produce 2 colors (purple and yellow) and do not produce a reward for their pollinators, either through nectar or pollen.

Cumulative changes

________ in allele frequency are driven by selection.

VV

A gene has 2 alleles (V, L) ________ and VL are viable, and LL is lethal.

HWE

________ is the foundation of population genetics.

Mutation

________ in combination with selection is a potent evolutionary force because ________ provides the variation for selection to act upon.

Selection

________ can cause allele frequency to change across generations when individuals with some genotypes survive at higher rates.

persistence of deleterious alleles

A balance between selection and mutation might explain the ________ in a population.

S

________ → the selection coefficient (0

Gene pool

________: (allele pool) the collection of alleles present within a population.

fitness of a genotype

The ________ depends on the relationship between genotype and phenotype.

Mendelian genetics

________: Describes transmission of alleles from individual parents to individual offspring.

Mutation

________ by itself is NOT a potent or rapid evolutionary force.

Selection

________ will have major effects when →over long periods of time even when the frequency of the favored allele is low and ________ is weak and over short periods of time only when the frequency of the favored allele is high and ________ is strong.

Mendelian genetics

Describes transmission of alleles from individual parents to individual offspring

Population genetics

describes the transmission of alleles in a population from one generation to the next, follows allele and genotype frequency

Ex

Finches of 1 species confined to a particular island are a population

Gene pool

(allele pool) the collection of alleles present within a population

Allele Frequency

the proportion of alleles present with in a population

Genotype Frequency

the proportion of a genotype in a population

Conclusion 1

At Equilibrium, allele frequencies do not change from generation to generation (p=p)

Conclusion 2

Allele frequencies can be used to predict genotype frequencies (p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1)

Patterns of Selection

The allele favored by dominant vs. recessive or by common vs. rare

Heterozygote Superiority

AKA heterosis or overdominance, the heterozygotes have a higher fitness than both homozygotes

Heterozygote Inferiority

AKA underdominance is less common than superiority, where heterozygotes have lower fitness than both homozygotes

Mutation-Selection Balance

As selection removes deleterious alleles, mutation resupplies them

No selection, no mutation, no migration, no genetic drift, random mating

Assumptions of HWE