Anatomy LAB - Urinary Anatomy & Physiology

Renal hilus of kidney

allow for the passage of structures that service the kidney

Renal cortex of kidney

creates the hormone erythropoietin (EPO), which helps make red blood cells in your bone marrow

Renal medulla of kidney

regulate the concentration of urine by filtering out water, salts, and acid

Renal pyramid of kidney

collect and transport urine produced by the nephrons within the kidney medulla

Renal column of kidney

divide the kidney into 6-8 lobes and provide a supportive framework for vessels that enter and exit the cortex

Major calyx of kidney

collect urine from the minor calyces and empty it into the renal pelvis

Minor calyx of kidney

collects urine directly from the renal papillae at the apex of each renal pyramid

Renal papilla of kidney

The renal papilla is where urine drains from the collecting ducts into the ureters

Renal pelvis of kidney

collects urine and directs it into the ureter

Distal convoluted tubule of kidney

salt and water reabsorption and plays a major role in acid-base balance
regulation

Renal corpuscle of kidney

filter waste from the blood

Bowman's capsule of kidney

participates in the filtration of blood from the glomerular capillaries

Glomerulus of kidney

removes waste and extra fluid from the blood

Ureter

carries urine from the kidney to the bladder

Kidney

filters blood to eliminate waste, acid balance, fluid and ion balance, maintain homeostasis

Detrusor muscle of bladder

responsible for contracting to expel urine from the bladder during urination

Ureteral opening of bladder

allows urine to pass outside the body

Trigone of bladder

The trigone stabilizes the attachment of the ureters to the bladder, and the bladder to the pelvic fascia

External urethral sphincter of bladder

D
a voluntary muscle that actively controls the flow of urine by contracting to prevent leakage and relaxing to allow urination

Internal urethral sphincter of bladder

C
to control the involuntary flow of urine from the bladder to the urethra

Transitional epithelial tissue of bladder

accommodate fluctuations in urine volume by expanding and contracting as the bladder fills and empties

Urethra

allows urine to pass out of the body

Afferent arteriole of nephron

B
Deliver blood to the nephron

Efferent arteriole of nephron

A
Collects blood form the glomerulus and continues along to form capillary network around other portions of the nephron
Smaller in diameter = increased hydrostatic pressure within the glomerulus

Glomerulus of nephron

cluster of tiny blood vessels in the nephron that filters blood

Bowman's capsule of nephron

participates in the filtration of blood from the glomerular capillaries

Proximal convoluted tubule of nephron

reabsorbs water and salts from filtrate

Distal convoluted tubule of nephron

plays a critical role in a variety of homeostatic processes, including sodium chloride reabsorption, potassium secretion, and calcium and magnesium handling

Nephron loop ascending limb

impermeable to water and contains carrier proteins to actively pump sodium and chloride ions from the tubular fluid

Nephron loop descending limb

permeable only to water

Collecting duct of nephron

The last part that collects urine from the nephrons

Filtration at glomerulus components

Endothelium of glomerular capillary
Basement membrane
Filtration slits

Process of filtration in the glomerulus

the process where blood is filtered within the kidney's glomerulus, forcing small molecules like water and waste products from the blood into the Bowman's capsule, while larger molecules like proteins and blood cells remain in the bloodstream due to a specialized filtration barrier made up of the capillary endothelium, basement membrane, and podocytes

Type of cells lining the lumen of the bladder and its importance

urothelial cells which are classified as a transitional epithelium
they can change shape depending on the bladder's fullness

pH of normal urine

4.5-8

Specific gravity of normal urine

1.0-1.03

Volume of normal urine

1200 ml/day

Glucose, protein, blood levels of normal urine

negative (0)

Glycosuria

urine contains high level of glucose

Proteinuria

urine contains high level of protein

Hematuria

urine contains blood