CRIM313 - STATISTICS AND KEY IDEAS

the key statistics and ideas for crim313 final exam

Attrition

The process by which criminal cases fall out of the criminal justice system, and the rate at which cases fail to progress through the system.

What is the rate of attrition in NZ?

Approximately 1/100 cases.

How many women have experienced sexual victimization in NZ?

Around 30%

How many men have experienced sexual victimization in NZ?

Around 12%

What percentage of sexual assault victimizations were reported to the NZ police as of 2021?

Around 8%

What are three key reasons why attrition is such an issue in NZ?

Sex myths and culture stopping victims from reporting; cases dropping out of the justice system showing victims what's the point in reporting; victims pulling out due to the trial process being harrowing and not supporting victims well.

What percent of reported cases end up in a charge (Jan Jordan study)?

31%

What percent of reported cases end up in a trial?

16%

What percent of reported cases end up in a conviction?

13%

What percentage of the NZ prison population are female?

7.5%

What crimes are women more likely to commit?

Property, traffic, and theft charges.

What crimes are men more likely to commit in comparison to women?

Violent and sexual offending.

Greg Newbold - Leniency/chivalry hypothesis

Idea that women are to be protected from unfeminine and dangerous environments such as prison, and that offenses are seen as less insidious when committed by a woman.

Leniancy/chivalry hypothesis

The idea that women are fragile and need to be treated with care, leading to the lack of prevalence of convicted women. This theory also portrays women as less dangerous and less likely to offend, perpetuating feminine stereotypes and social scripts.

What percentage of women in prison are Maori?

Over 60%

Benevolent sexism

Expresses seemingly positive attitudes toward women while perpetuating gender inequality. It involves idealizing women in traditional roles and portraying them as morally pure and nurturing, yet also weak and needing protection.

What are female youth more likely to be arrested for?

Being without a guardian, ‘indecency’, including being out late at night.

What are male youth more likely to be arrested for?

Partaking in stealing, breaking property, deviant acts, and being mischievous.

Patriarchy

Refers to the male supremacy in all realms, including social, cultural, sexual, religious, and political realms. Manifesting in all institutions, social, legal, and political, the patriarchy places men and masculinity at the top of the chain, synonymous with male dominance.

What percentage of women are paralegals and legal support workers?

85% of all paralegals and legal assistants, and 76% of miscellaneous legal support workers.

What percentage of women are attorneys?

34% of practicing attorneys in 2015, USA.

What is the ratio of male to female for corrections workers?

2:1

What area are corrections workers who are female more likely to work?

Community-based programs rather than high security.

Hegemonic masculinity

The emphasis and respect given to male-associated traits rather than feminine ones.

What percentage of sworn police officers are women?

12%

Second shifts

Women often have child responsibilities, so cannot dedicate crazy hours due to primary shifts.

Horizontal segregation

Separates men and women into different sectors based on social stereotypes that women are better suited at nurturing roles, and men are better at physical strength and interaction with objects.

Vertical segregation

The differences of the status of men’s and women’s occupational positions, and the idea that as males already possess positions of power to such an extent, they are more likely to value masculine traits and give occupational roles to male counterparts rather than female ones.