Set 3: Paleoclimate and fossils

Source of d18O paleotemperature data

forams

Bottom-water temperature through time

Zachos Curve

Deep Sea Drilling Project

Eccentricity

100 and 400 ka

Obliquity

41 ky

Precession

26 ky

Precession modulated by eccentricity

23 and 19 ky

Dome C record

Leaf-margin analysis

Higher temperature, fewer toothed species

Nearest Living Relative Analysis

Present distributions and tolerances help define past climates.

Mauna Loa record

Modern pCO2 increase

A stoma

Stomatal density

#Stomata per field of view

Stomatal index

#Stomata/(#Stomata + #Epidermal cells)

Living and fossil Ginkgo

Ginkgo training data

Weathering CO2 drawdown

CO2 + CaSiO3 -> CaCO3 + SiO2

Carbonate thermal decomposition

CaCO3 + SiO2 -> CO2 + CaSiO3

Photosynthesis, organic C burial

CO2 + H2O -> CH2O + O2

Weathering organic matter

CH2O + O2 -> CO2 + H2O

Biggest C reservoir

Marine sediments and sedimentary rocks

2nd biggest C reservoir

Intermediate and deep water

Vaires inversely with pCO2 on geologic timescales

Oxygen

Low pCO2, glaciation, high O2, large seed plants, giant insects

Carboniferous

"Other" pCO2 proxies

Phytoplankton, Paleosols, Boron isotopes

Pre K-T warming and cooling from forams and plants

K-T temperature and plant diversity