Studied by 86 people
Jacob Riis
He was a journalist who worked to reveal the harsh realities of child labor in his book How the Other Side Lives, muckraker
Florence Kelley
a prominent reformer, advocated for social justice and labor rights, improved working conditions, and advanced child labor laws
Lewis Hine
He was a photographer who took pictures inside factories to expose child labor and harsh working conditions, muckraker
Lincoln Steffens
journalist known for revealing the political corruption and political machines in the American government at the time through investigative journalism, The Shame of the Cities
Ida Tarbell
Known for exposing Rockefeller’s oil monopoly in her investigative report The History of the Standard Oil Company, inspired many anti trust and corruption accountability laws, also anti lynching
Ray Stannard Baker
aka David Grayson, a journalist, and writer noted for his reporting on social and political issues, including labor conditions, civil rights, and international affairs
Upton Sinclair
muckraking journalist known for his book The Jungle which exposed the horrors of the meat industry, advocated for food safety
Dr. Harvey Wiley
chemist and food safety advocate who used the Poison Squad to show the public the necessity for food safety.
Booker T. Washington
Believed black people must tolerate discrimination while they proved equal to white people, similar to MLK
W. E. B. DuBois
Believed that black people had to demand their social and civil rights, helped start the NAACP
Ida B. Wells
African American civil rights activist who used investigative journalism to showcase the horrors of lynchings and racial violence
William Allen White
advocated for women's suffrage, workers' rights, and political reform in his editorial The Editorial Gazette, he was a strong defender of freedom of speech
Jane Addams
founder of the Hull House, worked to help immigrants acclimate to their new country and also helped the urban poor through her work on workers' rights and living conditions.
John Dewey
Worked for the reform of the education system and wanted a more engaging experience, wrote The School and Society
Alice Paul
led the suffrage movement through protests, strikes, and civil disobedience, particularly working toward the passing of the 19th Amendment, also cofounded the National Women's Party
Carrie Chapman Catt
Led the National American Women Suffrage Association, used the “Winning Strategy” to secure women the right to vote
Gifford Pinchot
pushed for environmental reform and sustainability. worked in TR and Taft's cabinets as the Chief of the US Forest Service, with emphasis on the long term benefit of conservation efforts
John Muir
cofounder of the Sierra Club which worked to preserve wilderness and national parks, also created national parks like Yosemite National Park
Carrie Nation
worked for temperance reform, and would go into different bars with a hatchet and break bottles, while her actions were very radical they brought attention to the matter
Francis Willard
was the leader of the Women's Christian Temperance Union and fought for prohibition, was one of the most powerful and well known leaders of the movement
Charles Bonaparte
worked as the attorney general of the US under TR and modernized the Department of Justice, also worked against corporations and was anti trust
Julian W. Mack
a federal judge, and proponent of judicial reform who believed in using the law to address social and economic issues, and advocated for labor rights, social justice, and legal reforms to improve the lives of working class Americans.
Robert LaFollette
aka Fighting Bob, served as US Senator, was very populist, created the Wisconsin Idea to make government more responsive to people
President T. Roosevelt
known for his Square Deal policies, was very socialist, and wanted to keep things fair between workers and corporations
William Howard Taft
generally more conservative than Roosevelt, still very anti trust and into trustbusting
Woodrow Wilson
Progressive president that attacked the “triple wall of privilege” which was tariffs, banks, and trusts, also created the League of Nations
Eugene Debs
leader of several union efforts and protests including the Pullman Strike, American Railway Union founder, later became a socialist presidential candidate
Samuel Gompers
founded the American Federation of Labor, believed that the skilled workers deserved better wages, pioneered the labor reform movement
1912 presidential election
The election os 1912 consisted of William H Taft who was a Republican that was acting as a incumbent, Teddy Roosevelt who was Progressive and led the “Bull Moose” Party after losing Republican nomination, and Woodrow Wilson who won the election as a democrat that was reform minded but also wanted more individual freedom
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire 1911
This was in a Garment Factory in NYC and it brought attention on the need to protect workers and was an outcry for worker safety
1902 Coal strike
This was the United Mine Workers Strike in PA where 150,000 coal miners held a strike against the mine owners. Teddy at the time used arbitration to settle the disputes between the workers and employers
Ballinger Pinchot Affair
This controversy was based upon accusations from Gifford Pinchot who was the head of the USDA Division of forestry, and the new secretary of the Interior, Richard A. Ballingers, who Pinchot had believed was acting corruptly on the question of land deals so as to benefit his friends in the coal industry
Hetch Hetchy Valley
Between 1908 and 1913, COngress debated whether to make a water resource available or preserve a wilderness when the growing city of San Francisco, California proposed building a dam in the Hetch Hetchy Valley to provide a steady water supply
S. S. McClure
Was a publisher who became known as a key figure in the muckraking business, known for investigative journalism and revealed Rockefeller’s Standard Oil Company, corruption in cities, and railroads
The History of Standard Oil by Ida Tarbell
a book of investigative journalism written by Ida Tarbell that revealed the horrors of Rockefeller Oil Company, her mother had been bought out by Rockefeller which gave her first hand experience of the hardships
The Shame of the Cities by Lincoln Steffens
published in McClure's magazine this set of articles brought up the idea of political reform in urban cities which had become overrun by corruption
. The Jungle by Upton Sinclair
newspaper articles blamed meatpackers for sickening U.S. troops in Cuba during the Spanish
The Souls of Black Folk by W. E. B. DuBois
justified the pursuit of education for black people and contributed to the rise of the black middle class
How the Other Half Lives by Jacob Riis
an early publication of photojournalism documenting squalid living conditions in New York City slums in the 1880s.
20 Years at Hull House by Jane Addams
tells the dramatic story of how Addams cofounded and developed the Chicago settlement house into a community center dedicated to serving the city's immigrants and poor
The Crisis (NAACP)
It was the official publication of the NAACP and it was a major magazine during the Harlem Renaissance, it featured African American commentary on several issues and also featured various pieces of literature
16th Amendment
States that Congress should have the power to lay and collect taxes on incomes
17th Amendment
Allows voters to cast direct votes for U.S. Senators (before it was chosen by state legislatures)
18th Amendment
Prohibited the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors
19th Amendment
Granted women the right to vote
Elkins Act
Act of 1903 that fined for railroad rebates
Hepburn Act
Act of 1906 that refined restrictions on free passes
Pure Food and Drug Act
1906 act that prohibited the manufacture, rale, or transportation of any misbranded or poisonous food drugs, medications, and liquors
Meat Inspection Act
1906 act that prevented adultered or misbranded meat and meat products from being sold as food and made sure that the meat was slaughtered under sanitary conditions
Keating Own Child Labor Act
1916 act that banned articles produced by child labor from being sold in interstate commerce
Underwood Tariff
This 1913 act lowered tariffs on imports to improve competition
Federal Reserve Act
1914 act which provided a central bank to monitor other banks
Initiative
Gives voters the power to initiate, or introduce legislation (sign a petition)
Referendum
Voters can approve or reject existing laws
Recall
Voters can remove an elected official from office
Direct primary
a voting process by which voters can indicate their preference for their party's candidate, or a candidate in general, in an upcoming general election, local election, or by election.
Payne Aldrich Tariff
began in the US House of Representatives as a bill raising certain tariffs on goods entering the United States. The high rates angered Republican reformers and led to a deep split in the Republican Party.
Workmen’s Compensation Act
a system of pre‑determined fees paid without regard to fault to injured workers or their survivors and, financed from employers' contributions
Square Deal (T.R. 1903 to 1909)
Keep the wealthy and powerful from taking advantage of small business owners and the poor. Used Sherman Antitrust Law to challenge monopolies
New Freedom (W. W.)
campaign platform for Woodrow Wilson in the 1912 presidential election that refers to the progressive policies he enacted, he focused on labor reform, tariff reform, business reform, agriculture reform, and banking reform
New Nationalism (T.R. 1912)
this was a speech that emphasized the country's important need to put the nation's needs before sectional or personal needs.
Pragmatism
an approach that assesses the truth of the meaning of theories or beliefs in terms of the success of their practical application
Social Gospel
a social movement within Protestantism that aims to apply Christian ethics to social problems
Wisconsin Idea
Robert LaFollette created this in the hopes that education should influence people's lives beyond the boundaries of the classroom
Open shop, closed shop
closed shops require people to be a part of unions while open shops don’t require employees to be a part of unions, closed shops were made illegal by the Taft Hartley Act
Socialism
a political ideology that aims to give workers shared ownership of the tools, land, and buildings that they use to make products or provide services (called the means of production)
Prohibition
The temperance movement eventually led to the banning of alcohol with the passing of the 18th Amendment however this was repealed later by the 22nd Amendment
Assimilation
Natives were forced to assimilate into American culture in order to become accepted in modern day society
Arbitration
TR used arbitration to mediate disputes between employers and employees; think of the United Mine Workers Strike in PA
Suffrage
women's right to vote, was passed with the 19th Amendment
Eugenics
Science of better breeding, based on a racial and class hierarchy, In 1907, the United States became the first country to pass a compulsory sterilization law.
NAACP
The National Association of the Advancement of Colored People, established in 1909 as the first civil rights organization in response to the violence faced by Blacks around the country, started off with anti lynching campaigns and later moved on to bigger civil rights issues
Feminists
Jane Addams, Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Ida B. Wells, women advocated for several political reforms on top of woman's suffrage, once WW1 started they began demanding rights
National Urban League (NUL)
Founded in 1910, it counseled recent black migrants to urban areas in the North and South and assisted in the training of social workers providing educational and increased employment opportunities in industry.
Society of American Indians (SAI)
the first national American Indian rights organization run by and for American Indians, pioneered 20th century Pan Indianism, the movement promoting unity among American Indians regardless of tribal affiliation
Labor unions: AFL, IWW, ILGWU
helped shed light on the horrors faced by the working population, these unions worked to provide reform to workers around the country
Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)
Lde by Francis Williard, worked for prohibition as men would often get drunk and abuse their wives
Bull Moose or Progressive Party
Started by TR after he lost the Republican nomination, worked to increase federal power and protect the welfare of the ordinary people
National Women’s Party
cofounded by Alice Paul, used legal means such as lobbying to ensure the constitutional rights of women in the US and later internationally
National American Woman Suffrage Association.
led by Carrie Chapman Catt, worked to grant women suffrage in the US but later stopped advocating for the rights of black women in order to gain more support
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
1896, Supreme Court ruling that upheld the legality of Jim Crow legislation, the Court ruled that as long as states provided “equal but separate” facilities for white and black people, Jim Crow laws did not violate the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment
Lochner v. New York (1905)
The Supreme Court ruled that New York law setting maximum working hours for bakers was unconstitutional
Muller v. Oregon (1908)
Law protected women workers as it agreed to limit working hours for women, however, used the excuse “Weaker bodies” which can be seen as discriminatory
Scientific Management aka Taylorism
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Flashcard (26)