APUSH Progressive Era PEDLIGS

progressive era pedligs

Jacob Riis

He was a journalist who worked to reveal the harsh realities of child labor in his book How the Other Side Lives, muckraker

Florence Kelley

a prominent reformer, advocated for social justice and labor rights, improved working conditions, and advanced child labor laws

Lewis Hine

He was a photographer who took pictures inside factories to expose child labor and harsh working conditions, muckraker

Lincoln Steffens

journalist known for revealing the political corruption and political machines in the American government at the time through investigative journalism, The Shame of the Cities

Ida Tarbell

Known for exposing Rockefeller’s oil monopoly in her investigative report The History of the Standard Oil Company, inspired many anti trust and corruption accountability laws, also anti lynching

Ray Stannard Baker

aka David Grayson, a journalist, and writer noted for his reporting on social and political issues, including labor conditions, civil rights, and international affairs

Upton Sinclair

muckraking journalist known for his book The Jungle which exposed the horrors of the meat industry, advocated for food safety

Dr. Harvey Wiley

chemist and food safety advocate who used the Poison Squad to show the public the necessity for food safety.

Booker T. Washington

Believed black people must tolerate discrimination while they proved equal to white people, similar to MLK

W. E. B. DuBois

Believed that black people had to demand their social and civil rights, helped start the NAACP

Ida B. Wells

African American civil rights activist who used investigative journalism to showcase the horrors of lynchings and racial violence

William Allen White

advocated for women's suffrage, workers' rights, and political reform in his editorial The Editorial Gazette, he was a strong defender of freedom of speech

Jane Addams

founder of the Hull House, worked to help immigrants acclimate to their new country and also helped the urban poor through her work on workers' rights and living conditions.

John Dewey

Worked for the reform of the education system and wanted a more engaging experience, wrote The School and Society

Alice Paul

led the suffrage movement through protests, strikes, and civil disobedience, particularly working toward the passing of the 19th Amendment, also cofounded the National Women's Party

Carrie Chapman Catt

Led the National American Women Suffrage Association, used the “Winning Strategy” to secure women the right to vote

Gifford Pinchot

pushed for environmental reform and sustainability. worked in TR and Taft's cabinets as the Chief of the US Forest Service, with emphasis on the long term benefit of conservation efforts

John Muir

cofounder of the Sierra Club which worked to preserve wilderness and national parks, also created national parks like Yosemite National Park

Carrie Nation

worked for temperance reform, and would go into different bars with a hatchet and break bottles, while her actions were very radical they brought attention to the matter

Francis Willard

was the leader of the Women's Christian Temperance Union and fought for prohibition, was one of the most powerful and well known leaders of the movement

Charles Bonaparte

worked as the attorney general of the US under TR and modernized the Department of Justice, also worked against corporations and was anti trust

Julian W. Mack

a federal judge, and proponent of judicial reform who believed in using the law to address social and economic issues, and advocated for labor rights, social justice, and legal reforms to improve the lives of working class Americans.

Robert LaFollette

aka Fighting Bob, served as US Senator, was very populist, created the Wisconsin Idea to make government more responsive to people

President T. Roosevelt

known for his Square Deal policies, was very socialist, and wanted to keep things fair between workers and corporations

William Howard Taft

generally more conservative than Roosevelt, still very anti trust and into trustbusting

Woodrow Wilson

Progressive president that attacked the “triple wall of privilege” which was tariffs, banks, and trusts, also created the League of Nations

Eugene Debs

leader of several union efforts and protests including the Pullman Strike, American Railway Union founder, later became a socialist presidential candidate

Samuel Gompers

founded the American Federation of Labor, believed that the skilled workers deserved better wages, pioneered the labor reform movement

1912 presidential election

The election os 1912 consisted of William H Taft who was a Republican that was acting as a incumbent, Teddy Roosevelt who was Progressive and led the “Bull Moose” Party after losing Republican nomination, and Woodrow Wilson who won the election as a democrat that was reform minded but also wanted more individual freedom

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire 1911

This was in a Garment Factory in NYC and it brought attention on the need to protect workers and was an outcry for worker safety

1902 Coal strike

This was the United Mine Workers Strike in PA where 150,000 coal miners held a strike against the mine owners. Teddy at the time used arbitration to settle the disputes between the workers and employers

Ballinger Pinchot Affair

This controversy was based upon accusations from Gifford Pinchot who was the head of the USDA Division of forestry, and the new secretary of the Interior, Richard A. Ballingers, who Pinchot had believed was acting corruptly on the question of land deals so as to benefit his friends in the coal industry

Hetch Hetchy Valley

Between 1908 and 1913, COngress debated whether to make a water resource available or preserve a wilderness when the growing city of San Francisco, California proposed building a dam in the Hetch Hetchy Valley to provide a steady water supply

S. S. McClure

Was a publisher who became known as a key figure in the muckraking business, known for investigative journalism and revealed Rockefeller’s Standard Oil Company, corruption in cities, and railroads

The History of Standard Oil by Ida Tarbell

a book of investigative journalism written by Ida Tarbell that revealed the horrors of Rockefeller Oil Company, her mother had been bought out by Rockefeller which gave her first hand experience of the hardships

The Shame of the Cities by Lincoln Steffens

published in McClure's magazine this set of articles brought up the idea of political reform in urban cities which had become overrun by corruption

. The Jungle by Upton Sinclair

newspaper articles blamed meatpackers for sickening U.S. troops in Cuba during the Spanish

The Souls of Black Folk by W. E. B. DuBois

justified the pursuit of education for black people and contributed to the rise of the black middle class

How the Other Half Lives by Jacob Riis

an early publication of photojournalism documenting squalid living conditions in New York City slums in the 1880s.

20 Years at Hull House by Jane Addams

tells the dramatic story of how Addams cofounded and developed the Chicago settlement house into a community center dedicated to serving the city's immigrants and poor

The Crisis (NAACP)

It was the official publication of the NAACP and it was a major magazine during the Harlem Renaissance, it featured African American commentary on several issues and also featured various pieces of literature

16th Amendment

States that Congress should have the power to lay and collect taxes on incomes

17th Amendment

Allows voters to cast direct votes for U.S. Senators (before it was chosen by state legislatures)

18th Amendment

Prohibited the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors

19th Amendment

Granted women the right to vote

Elkins Act

Act of 1903 that fined for railroad rebates

Hepburn Act

Act of 1906 that refined restrictions on free passes

Pure Food and Drug Act

1906 act that prohibited the manufacture, rale, or transportation of any misbranded or poisonous food drugs, medications, and liquors

Meat Inspection Act

1906 act that prevented adultered or misbranded meat and meat products from being sold as food and made sure that the meat was slaughtered under sanitary conditions

Keating Own Child Labor Act

1916 act that banned articles produced by child labor from being sold in interstate commerce

Underwood Tariff

This 1913 act lowered tariffs on imports to improve competition

Federal Reserve Act

1914 act which provided a central bank to monitor other banks

Initiative

Gives voters the power to initiate, or introduce legislation (sign a petition)

Referendum

Voters can approve or reject existing laws

Recall

Voters can remove an elected official from office

Direct primary

a voting process by which voters can indicate their preference for their party's candidate, or a candidate in general, in an upcoming general election, local election, or by election.

Payne Aldrich Tariff

began in the US House of Representatives as a bill raising certain tariffs on goods entering the United States. The high rates angered Republican reformers and led to a deep split in the Republican Party.

Workmen’s Compensation Act

a system of pre‑determined fees paid without regard to fault to injured workers or their survivors and, financed from employers' contributions

Square Deal (T.R. 1903 to 1909)

Keep the wealthy and powerful from taking advantage of small business owners and the poor. Used Sherman Antitrust Law to challenge monopolies

New Freedom (W. W.)

campaign platform for Woodrow Wilson in the 1912 presidential election that refers to the progressive policies he enacted, he focused on labor reform, tariff reform, business reform, agriculture reform, and banking reform

New Nationalism (T.R. 1912)

this was a speech that emphasized the country's important need to put the nation's needs before sectional or personal needs.

Pragmatism

an approach that assesses the truth of the meaning of theories or beliefs in terms of the success of their practical application

Social Gospel

a social movement within Protestantism that aims to apply Christian ethics to social problems

Wisconsin Idea

Robert LaFollette created this in the hopes that education should influence people's lives beyond the boundaries of the classroom

Open shop, closed shop

closed shops require people to be a part of unions while open shops don’t require employees to be a part of unions, closed shops were made illegal by the Taft Hartley Act

Socialism

a political ideology that aims to give workers shared ownership of the tools, land, and buildings that they use to make products or provide services (called the means of production)

Prohibition

The temperance movement eventually led to the banning of alcohol with the passing of the 18th Amendment however this was repealed later by the 22nd Amendment

Assimilation

Natives were forced to assimilate into American culture in order to become accepted in modern day society

Arbitration

TR used arbitration to mediate disputes between employers and employees; think of the United Mine Workers Strike in PA

Suffrage

women's right to vote, was passed with the 19th Amendment

Eugenics

Science of better breeding, based on a racial and class hierarchy, In 1907, the United States became the first country to pass a compulsory sterilization law.

NAACP

The National Association of the Advancement of Colored People, established in 1909 as the first civil rights organization in response to the violence faced by Blacks around the country, started off with anti lynching campaigns and later moved on to bigger civil rights issues

Feminists

Jane Addams, Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Ida B. Wells, women advocated for several political reforms on top of woman's suffrage, once WW1 started they began demanding rights

National Urban League (NUL)

Founded in 1910, it counseled recent black migrants to urban areas in the North and South and assisted in the training of social workers providing educational and increased employment opportunities in industry.

Society of American Indians (SAI)

the first national American Indian rights organization run by and for American Indians, pioneered 20th century Pan Indianism, the movement promoting unity among American Indians regardless of tribal affiliation

Labor unions: AFL, IWW, ILGWU

helped shed light on the horrors faced by the working population, these unions worked to provide reform to workers around the country

Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)

Lde by Francis Williard, worked for prohibition as men would often get drunk and abuse their wives

Bull Moose or Progressive Party

Started by TR after he lost the Republican nomination, worked to increase federal power and protect the welfare of the ordinary people

National Women’s Party

cofounded by Alice Paul, used legal means such as lobbying to ensure the constitutional rights of women in the US and later internationally

National American Woman Suffrage Association.

led by Carrie Chapman Catt, worked to grant women suffrage in the US but later stopped advocating for the rights of black women in order to gain more support

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

1896, Supreme Court ruling that upheld the legality of Jim Crow legislation, the Court ruled that as long as states provided “equal but separate” facilities for white and black people, Jim Crow laws did not violate the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment

Lochner v. New York (1905)

The Supreme Court ruled that New York law setting maximum working hours for bakers was unconstitutional

Muller v. Oregon (1908)

Law protected women workers as it agreed to limit working hours for women, however, used the excuse “Weaker bodies” which can be seen as discriminatory

Scientific Management aka Taylorism