Biology GCSE/1st year

Plant and animal cell, The heart and Teeth, Digestive system

Nucleus

Carries genes which control activities of the cell.

Cytoplasm

Watery fluids of salts and food in which organelles float.

Mitochondria

Energy released from food in respiration.

Chloroplast

Carries chlorophyll, which is used to make food in photosynthesis.

Ribosome

Makes proteins, e.g. enzymes

Cell membrane

Mostly made up of fat, protects the cell, allows substances in and out of the cell.

Cell wall

Made of cellulose provides extra protection for the cell.

Vacuole

space in the cytoplasm where food and water are stored.

Pulmonary Artery

Carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.

Vena Cava

Carries blood from around the body to the heart.

Right atrium

Receives deoxygenated blood from the vena cava.

Right ventricle

Receives blood from the right atrium, pumps blood into the pulmonary artery.

Septum

Wall separating both sides of the heart.

Aorta

Carries blood from the heart to send it around the body.

Pulmonary vein

Carries blood back from the lungs to the left atrium.

Left atrium

Receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary vein.

Valve

Valves prevent the blood flowing backwards.

Left ventricle

Receives blood from the left atrium, pumps blood into aorta.

Molar

Chews and grinds food

Premolar

Chews and grinds food.

Caine

Grips and tears food.

Incisor

Cuts and slices food

What are the front teeth called?

Incisor

Takes in food and chews it

Mouth

Produces amylase

Salivary glands

Carries food from the mouth to the stomach

Oesphagus

Produces bile to aid digestion of fat

Liver

Stores bile until it is needed in the small intestine

Gall bladder

Digests food, absorbs food into the blood

Small intestine

Churns food, adds hydrochloric acid to the food

Stomach

Makes enzymes to digest food

Pancreas

Absorbs water from food into the blood

Colon/ part of large intestine

Stores faeces for egestion

Rectum/part of large intestine

Prepares undigested food for egestion

Large intestine

Allows faeces to pass from the body (egestion)

Anus

The digestive system (picture)

Function of blood

•Transports food to cells

•Helps fight infections

•Transports oxygen to cells

Composition of blood