unit 1 history study guide

Public policy

all things government decide to do

law of supply & demand

the claim that the price of any good adjusts to bring the quantity supplied and the quantity demanded for that good into balance

free enterprise system

an economic system characterized by private or corporate ownership of capital goods 1) private ownership 2) individual imitative 3) competition 4) profit

number of Articles in the US Constitution

7 articles

Rule of law

the government and people are never above the law

Marbury v. Madison

court case that starts judicial review

Federalism

powers held by national and state government

Judicial review

power of the court to rule law or act of government as unconstitutional

informal amendment

A change in meaning, but not the wording, of the Constitution.

major strength of federalism

allows local actions in matters of local concern and national actions in matters of wider concern

form of govt. is guaranteed to every state

Republican

admission process of a state

by congress, but the president has to sign the territory into statehood to make it official

separation of powers

the division of power among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government

Full Faith & Credit Clause

Constitution's requirement that each state accept the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state

Extradition

legal process which a fugitive is retuned

expressed power

those delegated to national government by being written in the constitution

Interstate compacts

agreements between states to work together on common issues

number of Bill of Rights

10 amendments, protects individual liberties

Compromise

process of blending and adjusting, reconciling competing views and interest

Anarchy

no government, chaos

Capitalism

An economic system based on private ownership of capital (Americas economic system)

Judicial, legislative, executive branch main duty & who is in charge of each branch

legislative - congress (makes laws) art. 1 executive - president (enforce law) art. 2 judicial - courts (interpret law) art. 3

number of amendments

27 amendments

exclusive powers

powers that can be exercised by the national government alone

reserved powers

held by states; power not given to national government and not denied to state

delegated powers

Powers specifically given to the federal government by the US Constitution, for example, the authority to print money.

implied powers

those not expressly stated in the constitution, but reasonably suggested

concurrent powers

those both national and state posses and exercise

inherent powers

those that belong to the national government of a sovereign state

ladder of laws

1) constitution 2) laws and treaties 3)state constitution 4)state laws 5)local laws

popular sovereignty

all political power resides in the people

year Constitution was written

1787

Supremacy Clause

national laws, and treaties supreme over state laws when the national government is acting within its constitutional limits.

how to become a citizen

by birth or naturalization (14th amendment)

criteria for voting

1)citizenship 2)residence 3)age (18)

polling place in Illinois, hours open to vote

FULTON PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH 6am-7pm

Australian ballot

secret ballot, lists all names of candidates in election

Immigration Act of 1990

Law that increased the number of immigrants allowed in the US per year.

Citizen

one who owes allegiance to the U.S. & entitled to both its protection & privileges of it laws

Naturalization

legal process by which a person can become a citizen of another country

Alien

citizen of a foreign state who lives in this country

Immigrant

aliens legally admitted as permanent residents

civil rights

positive acts of government that seek to make constitution guarantees a reality for all

State

body of people living in defined territory with power to make and enforce law

Constitutionalism

must be conducted according to constitution principles

Electorate

protentional voting population

disenfranchised

citizens denied right to vote(15th, 19th, 26th Amendments blacks, women, 18 year olds)

Precinct

voting district (small)

polling place

where voters living in the precinct vote

records

A collection of fields that appear as a row in a database or table.

public acts

an act of legislation affecting the public as a whole

judicial proceedings

the outcome of court actions

(Essay) Identify the first three words of the Preamble. Also list the five things govt. is to do according to the Preamble in order to "form a more perfect Union".

The first three words of the Preamble are "We the people". The things the government is to do to "form a more perfect Union" consist of establishing justice or making the law fair, insure domestic tranquility(peace at home), provide common defense(defending nation), promote general welfare(government acts as servant to citizen), and secure blessings of liberty(liberty is not absolute).

(Essay) Explain the formal amendment process & include if you think it is too difficult to amend the Constitution. Explain your answer.

The formal amendment process is proposed by 2/3 vote in each house of congress and ratified by 3/4 state legislative. I believe (opinion)....

(Essay) Identify a check each branch of govt. has on the other

legislative to executive - override veto | executive to legislative - veto | judicial to legislative - judicial review

(Essay) Compare and contrast capitalism and socialism. In your view, which is a better economic system? Give evidence to show your reasons.

Capitalism and socialism are both two forms of economic systems. The difference between the two is capitalism is where you have to work for something while socialism is where the government picks and chooses for you. The Soviet Union used a specialism type government and then later failed due to food shortages and all jobs given to the government causing citizens to not have any money. Socialism is a greedy type of system while capitalism is a hard working type system.

(Essay) It has been said, "Patriotism is the defining characteristic of a good citizen." Write an essay explaining if you agree or disagree with this statement defending your answer by including what makes up a good citizen.

A good citizen is someone who obeys the law, support military, pay taxes, votes, and volunteer's in the community. (Opinion question)...