Cadiovascular/Circulatory system

Endocardium

smooth, inside lining of the heart

Myocardium

middle, muscular layer

Pericardium

covers outside of heart

What does the endocardium do

allows for the smooth flow of blood

What does the pericardium do

it’s a double layered membrane sac that has lubricating fluid between the 2 layers to prevent friction and damage

Right atrium

receives from body cells

right ventricle

sends through pulmonary artery to lungs → O2

left atrium

Receives from lungs

left ventricle

sends through aorta to body cells

Valves

one way to keep blood flowing in the correct direction

diastole

breif period of rest

systole

period of ventricular contraction

Sinoatrial (SA) node

“pacemaker” which sends out electrical impulse to atria muscles, which contract and push blood into the ventricles

Atriventricular (AV) node

receives electrical impulse from SA node. AV sends the electrical impulse through bundle of HIS nerve fibers in septum.

Bundle of branches

divides into a right bbundle branch and a left bundle branch, which carry the impulse from AV through the ventricles

Purkinje fibers

Bundle branches subdivide into ___. They are a network of nerve fibers throughoutt the ventricles.

Arteries carry blood ____from the heart.

away

Aorta is the

largest artery in the body.

branches into smaller arteries

Smallest branches from artereis

arterioles

arterioles branches into

capillaries

which vessel is the most muscular and elastic

arteries

The smallest veins

capillaries

what do capillaries do

release O2 and nutrients to the cells and pick up CO2 and metabolic wastes.

Pulmonary artery

carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

Pulmonary vein

carries oxygenated blood back to the heart from the lungs

How many quarts of blood are in the human body?

4-6q

How many pints of blood are in the human body?

10p

How many liters of blood are in the human body?

5L

How many units of blood are in the human body?

10 units

How many gallons of blood are in the human body?

1.2-1.5g

What does pulse measure

heart rate

normal heart rate/pulse

60-100

bradicardia

<50

tachycardia

>100

what does systolic measure?

pressure against the walls of the artery when the heart is contracting

what does diastolic measure?

pressure against the walls of the artery when the heart is a rest

What is BP measured in?

mmHg

Average systolic

120; range 100-140

Average diastolic

80; range 60-90

Pulse pressure is…

difference between systolic and diastolic

hypertension

>140 systolic

>90 diastolic

prehypertension

120-139 systolic

80-89 diastolic

(closely monitor)

hypotension

<90 systolic

<60 diastolic

iI BP cuff is too small

read higher than it is

iI BP cuff too large

can read lower than it is

Palsma

yellow fluid-nutrience

How much water is plasma made of

90% water

What does erythrocytes do

carries O2 (hemoglobin)

How much Erythrocytes in one drop

4.5-5.5 million

How much erythrocytes in human body

25 trillion

what does leukocytes do

fight infection

How much leukocytes in one drop

5,000-9,000 cubic millimeter

What does thrombocytes (platelets) do

clot to stop bleeding

How much thrombocytes (platelets) in one drop

250,000-400,000 cubic millimeter

iron deficiency anemia

inadequate amount of iron to form hemoglobin in erthrocytes

Sick cell anemia

produces abnormal, crescent-shaped RBC that carry less O2, break easily and block blood vessels.

ateriorsclerosis

hardening or thickening of the arterial walls. results in a loss of elasticity and contracting

atherosclerosis

fatty plaque deposited on the walls of the arteries. Narrows the opening, reducing blood flow

congestive heart failure

heart muscles do not beat adequately to supply the blood needs of the body,

leukemia

malignant disease of the bone marrow or lymph tissue, with an increased number of WBC

MI

blockage in the coronary arteries cut off the supply of blood to the heart. affected tissue dies

artificial pacemaker

when heart has conduction defect.

angiogram

x-ray of blood vessels using dye