Cellular Respiration

cellular respiration

process that generates energy in the form of ATP and heat by using oxygen as a fuel

mitochondria

site of cellular respiration

CO2 and H2O

byproducts produced during cellular respiration

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

chemical equation of cellular respiration

aerobic respiration

respiration that requires oxygen

aerobic respiration

more efficient type of cellular respiration

anaerobic respiration

respiration that does not require oxygen

anaerobic respiration

less efficient type of cellular respiration

fermentation

type of anaerobic respiration performed by facultative anaerobes

yeast and bacteria

examples of facultative anaerobes

ethanol and lactate

products of fermentation

glycolysis

process of breaking down glucose into pyruvate

cytosol

sites of glycolysis

2 ATP

amount of ATP consumed during the energy investment phase of glycolysis.

4 ATP

amount of ATP produced during the energy payoff phase

hydrolysis

process in which ATP is broken down into ADP and inorganic phosphate, releasing energy

dehydrogenase enzyme

enzyme that catalyzes the removal of hydrogen atoms

coenzyme A

enzyme involved in the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA

1 ATP, 3 NADH, 1 FADH2

products of the Krebs cycle per one molecule of pyruvate

lower affinity to higher affinity

the movement of electrons along the electron transport chain

cytochrome

the rest of the protein molecules involved in electron transport chain

1/2 O2

terminal electron acceptor

ATP synthase

enzyme responsible for the synthesis of ATP ADP and phosphate

proton-motive force

the proton gradient generated by the electron transport chain

chemiosmosis

process by which ATP is synthesized

proton-motive force

energy used in chemiosmosis

26-28 ATP

The approximate number of ATP molecules produced by oxidative phosphorylation

Acetyl CoA + Oxaloacetate becomes citric acid

What happens on the 1st step of the Krebs cycle?

citric acid loses and gains water to become isocitrate

What happens on the 2nd step of the Krebs cycle?

NAD+ becomes NADH; CO2 is released

What happens on the 3rd step of the Krebs cycle?

NAD+ becomes NADH; CO2 is released

What happens on the 4th step of the Krebs cycle?

ADP becomes ATP

What happens on the 5th step of the Krebs cycle?

FAD becomes FADH2

What happens on the 6th step of the Krebs cycle?

H2O is released

What happens on the 7th step of the Krebs cycle?

NAD+ becomes NADH

What happens on the 8th step of the Krebs cycle?

oxidative phosphorylation

mode of ATP synthesis powered by the redox reactions of the electron transport chain

substrate-level phosphorylation

ATP is made by direct transfer of a phosphate group from an organic substrate to ADP by an enzyme

substrate-level phosphorylation

phosphorylation displayed by glucolysis and the oxidation of pyruvate