Joints and ligaments and axial muscles

acromio-clavicular ligament

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coraco-acromial ligament-

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cora-colavicular ligament-shoulder

strong band of connective tissue that anchors the coracoid process of the scapula to the lateral clavicle; provides important indirect support for the acromioclavicular joint

coraco-humoral ligament-shoulder

provides the only strong thickening of the capsule and helps support the weight of the upper limb

Gleno-humeral ligaments-shoulder

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articular capsule

Fibrous envelope that encloses a synovial joint, elbow

radial collateral ligament-elbow

connects the lateral epicondyle of the humerus to the radius

ulnar collateral ligament-elbow

Connects the medial epicondyle of the humerus to the ulna

annular ligament-elbow

Connects the head of the radius to the ulna

radio-ulnar joint

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radiocarpal articulation

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intercarpal joints

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carpometacarpal joint

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metacarpalphalangeal joint

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interphalangeal joints prox/dist

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sacroiliac joint -hip

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pubic symphyses-hip

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ischiofemoral ligament-hip

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iliofemoral ligament

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pubofemoral ligament

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sacrococcygeal ligament

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Tibofibular (proximal)

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Tibofibular (distal)

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tibial collateral ligament

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fibular collateral ligament

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patellar ligament

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anterior cruciate ligament

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posterior cruciate ligament

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medial menisci

C-shaped

lateral meniscus

O shaped

talocrural joint

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intertarsal joints

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tarsometatarsal joint

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metatarsalphalangeal joint

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interphalangeal joints distal

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interphalangeal joints proximal

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Frontalis (epicranius)

raises eyebrows

orbicularis oris

Origin: medial planes of maxillae and mandible
Insertion: lips
Action: compresses and protrudes the lips

orbicularis oculi

closes eye

Zygomaticus

smiling muscle

Masseter

Origin: zygomatic arch
Insertion: mandible
Action: elevates mandible

Sternocleidomastoid

origin: sternum and clavicle
insertion: mastoid process
Action:rotation of the head to the opposite side and flexion of the neck.

pectoralis major

-Origin:
=Clavicular head: anterior border of the *medial half of the clavicle*

-Insertion: Lateral lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus
(anteromedial proximal humerus)

Actions:
=Clavicular head: *flexes the humerus*

pectoralis minor

-Origin; Third to fifth ribs, near their costal cartilages

-Insertion: Medial border and superior surface of the coracoid process of the scapula

-Actions: Stabilizes the scapula by drawing it *inferiorly and anteriorly* against the thoracic wall, *raises ribs in inspiration*

deltoid

-Origin the anterior border and upper surface of the lateral third of the clavicle, acromion, spine of the scapula

-Insertion deltoid tuberosity of humerus


-Actions *shoulder abduction by middle deltoid, flexion by anterior deltoid and extension by posterior deltoid*

rectus abdominis

Origin: pubic crest and symphysis
Insertion: xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs 5-7
Action: flexes and rotates vertebral column

external oblique

compresses abdomen

internal oblique

compresses abdomen

transverse abdominis

compresses abdomen

Trapezius

-Origin spinous processes of vertebrae C1-T12

-Insertion external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, medial superior nuchal line, posterior border of the lateral third of the clavicle, acromion process, and spine of scapula

-*Actions* rotation, retraction, elevation, and depression of scapula

latissimus dorsi

origin: lower spine and iliac crest
insertion: proximal humerus
action: extends and adducts humerus