Materials & Manufacturing Flashcards

Flashcards for Materials & Manufacturing (EGB214) Week 13 Revision

General types of microscopy

Optical Microscope, Electron Microscope (SEM, TEM), and Scanning Probe Microscope (STM, AFM).

Why materials are viewed under a microscope

To observe dislocations, grains & grain distribution, grain boundaries, phases, interfaces, etc.

Fick's First Law of Diffusion

Fick’s first law describes the relationship between diffusion flux and concentration gradient.

Factors affecting diffusion

Host material, diffusing species, temperature, and grain boundaries.

Types of steel based on carbon content

Eutectoid steel (0.76%C), hypoeutectoid steel (

Major impurities in steels

Manganese, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, nitrogen, and hydrogen.

Various heat treatment processes for steels

Annealing, normalizing, quenching, and tempering.

Temperature Ranges for Pearlite, Bainite, and Martensite Formation

Pearlite forms between 727 to 550°C, bainite forms between 550-220°C, and martensite forms below 220°C.

Cooling rate and resulting microstructure

Slow cooling forms pearlite, moderate cooling produces bainite, and fast cooling (quenching) leads to martensite.

Microstructure of Pearlite, Bainite, and Martensite

Pearlite has a lamellae microstructure of ferrite and cementite, bainite has a lath-like microstructure of ferrite and cementite and Martensite has a mixture lath or plate microstructure of supersaturated carbon in BCT.