Parenting Final

What does the term “bidirectional influence” mean in parenting?

Both the parent and child affect each other’s behavior over time.

What are the four parenting styles identified by Baumrind?

Authoritative, Authoritarian, Permissive, Neglectful.

Which parenting style is linked to the best outcomes in children?

Authoritative

What is the main characteristic of authoritarian parenting?

High control, low warmth

What is the difference between permissive and neglectful parenting

Permissive = high warmth, low control

Neglectful = low warmth, low control

According to Steinberg, why is consistency key in parenting?

It helps children know what to expect and feel secure

What does it mean to “adapt your parenting to fit your child”?

Adjust your approach as your child grows and develops

What is scaffolding in parenting?

providing support to help a child learn a task, then gradually removing it as they become more competent

Why is modeling important in parenting?

Kids learn by watching you

What’s Steinberg’s advice on discipline?

use discipline to teach, not to punish

What’s a key factor in child development according to Holden & Harrist?

The parent-child relationship is central. It shapes emotional, social, and cognitive growth.

What’s the role of culture in parenting?

it influences values, goals, and what’s considered “good parenting”

What is the ecological systems theory and who developed it?

Brofenbrenner’s model, says kids grow in systems that all interact.

What is parental responsiveness?

how sensitive and attuned a parent is to their child’s needs

What does Steinberg mean by “be involved in your child’s life”?

actively engage, show up, and be emotionally present.

How does stress affect parenting?

stressed parents may be less patient or consistent

What’s a risk of helicopter parenting?

it can lead to less independence and poor problem-solving skills in kids

What’s the difference between discipline and punishment?

discipline = teach

punishment = consequence

What does Steinberg say about rules?

set clear rules, but explain them.

What is the “goodness of fit” concept?

parenting that matches the child’s temperament = fewer struggles and better outcomes

What is coregulation?

When parents help kids manage emotions until they can do it on their own.

Why is emotional availability important?

it helps kids feel safe, secure, and able to explore the world

What’s an example of positive reinforcement in parenting?

giving praise or a reward when a child does something good

What does “parental efficacy” mean?

a parent’s belief in their ability to influence their child in a positive way

According to Steinberg, what should parents avoid doing in conflict?

don’t yell or insult