phylogenies and the history of life quiz

If an ancestral species evolved very early and remained unchanged, this would represent a ______ ______ in a phylogenetic tree.

basal taxon

The three domains of life are Archaea, Bacteria, and

Eukarya

A _______ ____ is a diagram used to show evolutionary relationships among organisms

phylogenetic tree

all groups of mammals evolved from a common ancestor. All these groups would be considered a _______in a phylogenetic tree

polytomy

Which is the correct way to write a scientific name

Homo sapien

if two groups of animals evolved from a single ancestral species, it would represent a ____ ____ in a phylogenetic tree

sister taxa

you are an entomologist studying the Monarch butterfly. The Monarch butterfly belongs to the following taxonomic groups. Which group would provide you the most detailed information about the Monarch butterfly

Genus Danaus

during a dramatic shift in climate, a new species evolved from an ancestral species. this would be an example of a

branch point

Canis lupus is the scientific name for the wolf. Which of the following would be its closest relative?

Canis latrans

Biologists hypothesize that evolutionary pathways occur by the simplest means possible. this is known as the concept of

maximum parsimony

A trait shared by some but not all of the organisms in a clade is known as a shared ___ character

derived

All members of the clade Vertebrata share a vertebral column with their common ancestor. This is an example of _____ ancestral character.

shared

if a characteristic is found in the ancestor of a group and all of its descendants, it is known as a ____ ancestral character

shared

analysis of DNA sequences which allow biologists to determine evolutionary relationships is known as _______ ________

molecular systematics

Jaws are found in some members of the vertebrate clade. Lampreys are in the vertebrate clade but do not contain jaws. This makes jaws a shared _____ character

derived

Organizing homologous traits uses a system known as

cladistics

Anatomical features that share the same function but evolved from different ancestors are known as ______ structures.

analogous

_______ structures do not suggest common ancestry between species.

analogous

_____ is a form of horizontal gene transfer that requires a virus to transfer genes to bacterial cell.

transduction

The evolution of eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells is known as the _______ ______

endosymbiont theory

In the _________ model, it is suggested that eukaryotes evolved from a pool of prokaryotic species.

Web of life

In the ______ model, it is suggested that life evolved from a common ancestor rooted at the base of the model.

tree of life

Some viruses are able to transfer genes to bacterial species that are typically harmless. The genes transferred by the virus make the bacteria virulent. This is an example of

transduction

A biofilm is a collection of different species of bacteria living in a similar environment. As bacteria in the biofilm die, the cells lyse, spilling their genetic material into the surrounding environment. Some bacteria can take this naked DNA into their cells. This form of horizontal gene transfer is called as ____

transformation

Horizontal gene transfer can occur in corn plants which are eukaryotic cells. The agent responsible for transferring the genes are known as "jumping genes" or ____

transposons

Some bacteria contain plasmids which are small, circular pieces of DNA that contain genes for antibiotic resistance. Using a structure called a pilus, those bacteria can transfer the resistance plasmids to different species of bacteria. This is an example of

conjugation

Humans can manipulate horizontal gene transfer. Scientists can isolate the gene for producing human insulin and place the gene in a liquid culture of Escherichia coli. The bacteria takes the naked DNA into its cell and begins producing human insulin. This is an example of

transformation