Respiratory System Infections

Streptococcal Pharyngitis

Streptococcus pyogenes

Inflammation of Upper respiratory tract (pharynx)

Throat pain, dysphagia, fever, headache, Enlarged Tonsils/lymph nodes

Inhalation of infected secretions

contact with soiled articles

(humans)

Rapid Strep Test

Rapid Strep Test

Sensitivity P(T+ | D+): 70-90%

Testing + given you DO have disease

Specificity P(T-| D-): 90-100%

testing - given you DO NOT have disease

Diphtheria

Corynebacterium Diphtheriae

Upper Respiratory Tract (Pharynx, larynx)

Throat pain, etc, pseudomembrane formation

Vaccines: DTap, Tdap

Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis

(humans)

Pseudomembrane formation

tough, adherent greyish-white in throat

layer of dead tissues composed of cell debris fibrin, RBC, WBC, and bacteria

Pseudo- fake- collection of dead cells

can cause severe airway obstruction

Pertussis (Whooping cough)

Bordetella Pertussis

Upper and lower Respiratory tract (pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes)

Prodromal Stage; mild, cold like

PAROXYSMAL stage: severe coughing, uncontrollable, end in prolonged high pitch inspiration

Convalescent stage (resolution)

Vaccines: DTap, Tdap

(humans)

Inhalation of secreions

DTap, Tdap

Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis

Typical Pneumonia

Streptococcus Pneumoniae

Lower Respiratory system ( Alveoli in lungs)

Rapid Acute onset

Chest pain, dyspnea, PRODUCTIVE COUGHm fever,

Radiograph- Proportional to physical S/S:lobar involvement

(humans)

Inhalation and contact articles

Atypical Pneumonia

Mycoplasma Pneumoniae

Lower Respiratory system ( Alveoli in lungs)

Gradual insidious onset

NO chest pain, dyspnea, DRY COUGH, fever (mild illness- walking pneumonia)

Radiograph- GREATER than physical S/S : Interstital involvement

(humans)

Inhalation and contact articles

Legionnaires Disease

Legionella Pneumophila

Pontiac Fever

Legionellosis

Lower RS (alveoli)

similar to TYPICAL PNEUMONIA (chest pain, dyspnea, productive cough)

Lab test required for diagnosis

inhalation of contaminated MIST and DUST particles

(Hot tubs, hot water, humidifier, air conditioning, shower heads)

Psittacosis

Chlamydophila Psittaci

Parrot fever

Ornithosis

Lower RS (alveoli)

Similar to ATYPICAL PNEUMONIA

RED MACULAR RASH IN FACE( Horder spots)

(Birds (parrots) pigeons, sparrows, ducks, hens)

Inhalation of DESICCATES droppings or secretion of infected birds

Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB)

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

LRS (Alveoli)

inhalation of INFECTED respiratory secretions

(humans)

Latent TB infection and TB disease

Preventing exposure- traveling

BCG vaccine

Latent TB infection (LTBI)

M. Tuberculosis present

NO Active INFECTION

NO S/S

CANNOT spread

POSITIVE TB skin/blood test

NORMAL x-ray

NEGATIVE sputum

TB Disease

M.Tuberculosis MULTIPLYING

ACTIVE

fever weight loss, PRODUCTIVE COUGH, CHEST PAIN, hemoptysis

CAN SPREAD
ABNORMAL x-ray

POSITIVE sputum

POSITIVE TB TEST

Lowenstein-Jensen medium

Special medium is used to culture M. TB from sputum

TB Testing

TB skin test

TB blood test

Chest-X-ray

Sputum Smear-Presumptive

Culture- Definitive

S. Pyogenes

Gram + coccus in chains

Corynebacterium Diphtheriae

Toxigenic

Pleomorphic

Gram + Bacilli

S. Pneumoniae

Gram + cocci

M. Pnemoniae

Unique bacteria

L. Pneumophila

Poorly staining gram - bacillus

In hotels, hospitals, cruises, supermarkets

M.Tuberculosis

Acid fast bacillus

B.Pertussis

Gram - coccobacillus