Prokaryotic Bio Lecture 0(Chapter 1)

Mortality gone down

life expectancy increased

infant mortality down drammatically decreased

Infectious diseases results, 1800’s compared to now

Microbes

organisms that are too small to be seen with the unaided eye

10–6 m

1 μm = ______

10–9 m

1 nm = ______

1 μm

1000 nm = _____

1 nm

0.001 μm = _____

Bacteria and Archaea

Which two major groups that microbiologist study are prokaryotes?

Prokaryotic

cells that lack a true membrane-delimited nucleus

Eukaryotic

– cells that have a membrane-enclosed nucleus

– are more complex morphologically

– are usually larger than prokaryotic cells

Memorize this chart!!

• Usually single-celled

• Majority have cell wall with peptidoglycan

• Most lack a membrane- bound nucleus

• Ubiquitous and some live in extreme environments

Domain Bacteria

Cyanobacteria

____________ produce significant amounts of oxygen

• Distinguished from Bacteria by unique rRNA (16S) gene

sequences

• Lack peptidoglycan in cell walls

• Have unique membrane lipids

• Some have unusual metabolic characteristics

• Archaeal ribosomes are similar to eukaryotic ribosomes

• Many live in extreme environments (eg. high temperature)

Domain Archaea

• Protists – generally larger than Bacteria and Archaea

• Algae – photosynthetic

• Fungi

– Yeast - unicellular

– Mold - multicellular

Domain Eukarya

• Eukaryotes

• Absorb or ingest organic chemicals

• May be motile via pseudopods, cilia, or flagella

Protists /Protozoa

• Eukaryotes

• Cellulose cell walls

• Use photosynthesis for energy

• Produce molecular oxygen and organic compounds

Algae

• Eukaryotes

• Chitin cell walls

• Use organic chemicals for energy.

• Yeasts are unicellular.

• Molds and mushrooms are multicellular

Fungi

• Acellular.

• DNA or RNA genome.

• Genome is surrounded by a protein coat called capsid.

• Coat may be enclosed in a lipid envelope.

• Viruses are replicated only when they are in a living host cell

(obligate intracellular parasites).

Viruses

viruses

Microbes are living creatures (except for ________?).

Jeff Taubenberger and Johan Hultin

Reconstruction of the 1918 influenza virus By ______________ and _________________

0.000001(10-6 m)

1 micrometer (μm) is ______ meter (m) ?

b) Bacteria, archaea, fungi, viruses

-plants and animals are quite large and are considered macroscopic

Microbes include members of which of

the following groups?

a) Bacteria, animals, protozoa, fungi

b) Bacteria, archaea, fungi, viruses

c) Archaea, viruses, plants, fungi

d) Bacteria, archaea, protozoa, plants