Gender Studies Study Guide 1

_______is biology, physical characteristics that distinguish males from females

Sex

______is a social construction, characteristics associated with “feminine” and “masculine”

Gender

What does intersecting factors refer to

combine and shape how people live and interact in society. Their daily experience with these intersecting factors influences their ability to access and benefit from policies and programs

What is feminism

is a multi-disciplinary approach to sex and gender equality understood through social theories and political activism

Who is feminism for

Everyone, equality of the sexes

Give an example of how feminism is for males

Men have a stake in overcoming the restrictive roles that deprive them of full humanity. Not believing their self worth and relies on gender stereotypes (women beatings)

Who were the two main goal of the 1st wave of feminism in Canada

Voting and being declared as a persons

Why did the 1st wave of feminism end in Canada

Women got some legal gain for property rights, rights to have a say over their children and voting

What three provinces in Canada gave women the right to vote in 1916

Saskatchewan, Alberta, Manitoba (SAM)

What does SAM mean?

Saskatchewan, Alberta, Manitoba.

What does SID mean?

Stereotyping, Ignoring, Deprocating

What date did women in NFLD be given the right to vote

April 13, 1925

Who were the Famous Five in Canada

Emily Murphy. Nellie McClung, Louise McKinney, Irene Parlby and Henrietta Muir Edwards. They were involved in the “persons” case

What happened in 1929 in Canada?

The Famous Five appealed the case to the Judicial Committee of England’s Privy Council and they ruled that women will be considered a person

What was the persons case in Canada

The persons case was a constitutional ruling in Canada that declared women were eligible to sit in the Sennate

State 1 of the goals of the 2nd wave of feminism in Canada

Rape being changed to sexual assault. 1,2, or 3 counts.

What does suffragist mean

Someone who advocates for the right to vote in political elections

List a person who is referred to as an antisuffragist

Mary Augusta Ward. First president of the Women’s National Anti-Suffragist movement

State the name of the two newspaper that was utilized in NFLD for the suffragist movement

The Water Lily and The Evening Telegram

Who was Armine Gosling

A suffragist helped form the St. John’s ladies’ Reading Room in 1909 and was president of its Current Events Club

What was so significant about Fannie McNeil

She was the leader NFLD suffragist movement, she was one of the country’s first women to run for political office during a 1925 municipal election

Was this suffragist movement given to the women in NFLD

They were not given the suffragist movement but they did win the fight for voting

Prior to full suffrage, women were allowed to vote, but only if what? What condition did they have to meet, what did some women do to meet this condition

Property ownership, tax payment or being the head of the household

Who was Bobbie Robertson

Bobbie was a Newfoundland representative for the Department of Trade and Commerce and was the only female trade commissioner in Canada at the same time

Give an example of classism

Is prejudice against or in favour of people belonging to a particular social class. Ex: A landlord refusing to rent an apartment to someone because they work a low-paying job, assuming they would be an unreliable tenant based on their economic status

Give an example of Ableism

Is discrimination and social prejudice against people with disabilities based on the belief that typical abilities are superior. Ex: A company’s office building doesn’t have a ramp or elevator, making it inaccessible to people in wheelchairs

Give an example of Ageism

Is discrimination or prejudice against a particular age group, especially the elderly. Ex: Won’t hire a older person but only a younger, more tech salvy person who is more “dependable"

Did Julie Earle win her bid to run for elections in St. Johns

She lost by 11 votes

Who was Canada 1st female Prime Minister

Kim Campbell. Served from June to November 1993

Who was Viola Desmond

Businessnwoman and civil rights advocate. Sat in “white only” section in the movie theatre

In 2003, what two provinces in Canada become the first two provinces to legalize the licensing of same-sex marriage

Ontario and British Columbia

In what year did the Federal Civil Marriage Act came into force, making same-sex marriage legal across Canada

July 2, 2005

What significance did Agnes McPhail make

She is the first woman elected to the Canadian House of Commons and a pioneer for women’s rights and Social Justice in Canada

What impact did Sandra Lovelace make

Parliament passed an amendment to have 116 year old section of the Indian Act removed that revoked an Aboriginal Woman’s Indian Status if she married a Non-Aboriginal man

What are the 3 components associated with the procreation ethics

1) It was perferable to marry than not to marry. If a person choose to remain single, the onus was on him or her to explain why

2) It was preferable to be parent than a nonparent. An couple that did not have children would be considered unconventional and tacitly pressured to make an explaination. The only excuse accepted were medical and fiancial.

3) It was preferable not to have an only child, especially in the suburbs

What is Misogyny

The hatred or dislike of women or girls

Example of Misogyny

Violence against women, sexual objectification and discrimination

What did Aristole say regarding women

Women is a deformity, an incomplete male. He preached that men should always command and women should follow as they are the inferior being created by God

What did St.Paul say regarding women

“A woman must quietly receive instruction with entire submissiveness”

What did Freud say regarding women

That women’s psychological development is shaped by a lifelong search for a substitute for the penis, often manifested in relationships with men or children

What does the one sex model refer to

Men and women were two versions of a single, sexed body, with the male body considered the standard or “perfect” form

What is Misandry

The inverse is misandry, the hatred of, contempt for, or prejudice against men or boys

Example of misandry

Social exclusion, sex discrimination, belittling violence against men

What are the 3 ways in which language promotes gender inequality is society

SID- Stereotyping, Ignoring, Deprocating

What is the male gaze theory

The tendency of works to assume a straight male viewpoint even when they do not have a specific narrative

What did Jean Kilbourne State

The models seen in advertisements are often made to appear extremely thin with large breasts

Give an example of sexual objectification

Is the viewing of people solely as de-personalized of objects of desire instead of as individuals with complex personalities and desires/plans of their own. Speaking/thinking of women especially as only their bodies, either the whole body, or as fetishised body parts

What is phallocentrism

The cultural and social organization of the world fostered by the patriarchy

Who was Jane Hurcxshman

Charged in 1982 with the murder of her violent and abusive husband, Billy Stafford

At what time period was “the role of thumb” law occur

Mid 17th century

At which time frame was wife beating and killing recognized rights of men

16th to the mid-to-late 19th century

What is so significant about 1983 in Canada

The first Canadian female Governor General

What time frame was it believed that “a women good or bad needs the stick”

Medievel to 19th century

When did the Supreme Court of Canada recognize “battered wife syndrome” as a legal defense

May 3, 1990

What did Simone De Beauvoir state

“No biological, psychological or economic fate determines the figure that the human presents in society” and “one is not born, but rather becomes, a woman”

What did Judith Butler state

That gender is not fixed or inherent but is rather a socially defined set of practices and traits that have, over time, grown to become labelled as feminine or masculine

What did Betty Friedan state

They key to women’s subjugation lay in the social construction of femininity as childlike, passive and dependent, and called for a “drastic reshaping of the cultural image of femininity”

What is gender pricing

The practice of charging different prices for similar goods or services based on gender

Give an example of difference in price items

Personal care products

Is the Barbie doll by Mattel accepted everywhere in the world, why or why not

No, it is not universally accepted everywhere in the world because of cultural preferences, criticism of the doll’s body image and the availability

What is heteronormativity

Term used by social theorists in order to discuss the way in which gender and sexuality are seperated into hierarchically organized categories

Give an example of hetereonormality

TV shows only showing straight couples

What does two spirit

People in the Indigenous cultures, way back when, who felt like they had both a male and a female spirit in their body and those people were often reversed and consulted as mystics and people if great value in those early cultures

What does intersex mean

People born with sex characteristics, such as anatomy, chromosomes or hormones, that don’t fit typical binary notions of male of female bodies

Does intersex and transgender refer to the same concept

No, they do not refer to the same concept. They are distinct, though not muturally exclusive, categories related to different aspects of a person’s experience

What did Mary Wollstonecraft argue for

Gender equality for education and independence

What is oppression

Type of injustice, _____ is the inequitable use of authority, law, or physical force to prevent others from being free or equal

Give an example of women’s oppression

Unequal pay, education and health care

Give an example of men’s oppression

Stereotypes that men are “dangerous”, higher sentencing in prison

Give an example of minority’s oppression

Police brutality, education and higher arrest rates

What shocking statement did Judge Robin Camp state in 2014 while as a presiding judge

“Why didn’t you just sink your bottom down into the basin so he couldn’t penetrate you” and “why couldn’t you just keep your knees together”

What is the objective of the Hooker Monlogues

1) To bring together a broad of network of sex workers and allies to work creativity toward the advancement or sex worker rights, voice, leadership, empowerment healing, community development and public education.

2)To provide safe and creative ways for sex workers and allies to share the impacts of ever-changing personal, social, and structural forces that affect sex work involvement, decision-making, employment/employability and civil engagement.

3)To increase competencies and financial literacy among sex workers and allies through their leadership and management of this annual profit-sharing/costing recovery venture;

4)To reduce social stigma that leads to the social rejection, and the denial of sex worker’s agency and opportunities for self-determining

5)To dispel myths about the sex industry that skew perceptions about sex workers and prevent their full access to employment, housing, health services, legal supports and deprive them of human rights, labour rights and civil liberties

What is significant about Janice Acoose

Is a sex worker but now an Indigenous professor and first Native Affairs communist for the Saskatchewan Star Phoenix

Where is the highway of Tears

750-kilometer stretch of Highway 16 in British Columbia, Canada between Prince George and Prince Rupert

What is the Sisters of Spirit

A day for missing and murdered Indigenous women and girls plus LGBTQ+ remembrance day

What happens every year on Feb 14

“Women Memorial March” to honour missing and murdered Indigenous women and girls

What were the My’er Byes objective in the Calendar editions

Charity fundraising, promoting inclusivity and body positively and community engagement

What did Jean Jacques Rousseau argue

Humans are naturally good, but society corrupts them, leading to inequality and moral decline

What is Eugenics

The study of how to arrange reproduction within a human population to increase the occurrence of heritable characteristics regarded as desirable

Who were the likely targets of sterilization in Canada

Indigenous women, people labelled as having in intellectual or physical disabilities, the poor and immigrants

What two provinces passed sexual sterilization legislation

Alberta and British Columbia

In 2018, is coerced sterilization in Canada still occuring

Yes, incidents of coerced and forced sterilization of Indigenous women were still being reported in Canada in 2018

How is coerced sterilization connected to the broader context of colonialism

As a deliberate tool used to control, assimilate and ultimately diminish Indigenous populations to facilitate access to their lands and resources