World Civ chapter 17

Trade Routes

Paths or routes used for the trade of goods, particularly between Asia, the Middle East, and Europe.

Luxury Goods

High-value items, often exotic and expensive, that are desired by wealthy consumers.

Astrolabe

An ancient instrument used to determine the latitude of a person using the stars.

Compass

A navigational tool used to determine direction while sailing.

Printing Press

An invention by Johannes Gutenberg in 1436, which allowed for the mass production of accurate maps.

Prince Henry the Navigator

A Portuguese royal who sponsored numerous voyages and exploration along Africa's West Coast.

Vasco de Gama

A Portuguese explorer who found the water route to Asia by sailing around Africa.

Treaty of Tordesillas

An agreement that divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between Spain and Portugal.

Circumnavigate

To sail all the way around the world.

Magellan

Ferdinand Magellan was the first to lead an expedition to circumnavigate the globe, though he died during the journey.

Spanish Conquest

The period during which Spanish explorers and conquerors took control of vast territories in the Americas.

Hernan Cortes

A Spanish conquistador known for defeating the Aztec Empire.

Aztec Empire

A powerful civilization in present-day Mexico, known for its rich culture and human sacrifices.

Francisco Pizarro

A Spanish conquistador who conquered the Inca Empire in Peru.

Mercantilism

An economic theory that promotes government regulation of a nation's economy for augmenting state power.

Join-Stock Companies

Business entities where multiple investors share risk and profits.

Global Exchange

The widespread exchange of goods, ideas, and cultures across continents.

Plantations

Large farms that grow cash crops such as sugar, tobacco, and cotton using enslaved labor.

Export

Goods sent out of a country for trade.

Import

Goods brought into a country from abroad for trade.

Columbian Exchange

The widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, and ideas between the Americas and the Old World.

Inca Empire

A vast and sophisticated civilization in South America before being conquered by the Spanish.

Smallpox

A deadly disease that decimated indigenous populations in the Americas after European contact.

Indigenous People

Groups of people who are native to a specific region, often affected by colonization.

Taino

The Arawakan people native to the Caribbean, encountered by Columbus.

The Americas

The lands of North and South America as known to the Europeans after the Age of Exploration.

Sugarcane

A cash crop widely cultivated in the Americas, particularly in Brazil and the Caribbean.

Missionary Work

Efforts by religious groups to convert people to Christianity.

Colonialism

The practice of acquiring full or partial control over another country or territory.

Nutrition Exchange

The exchange of food products between the New World and the Old World during the Columbian Exchange.

Dominion

Sovereignty or control over a territory.

Nautical Maps

Maps designed for maritime navigation.

Slave Trade

The historical trade of enslaved people, particularly from Africa to the Americas.

Cervantes

Spanish author known for 'Don Quixote', reflecting the cultural impact of the Spanish Golden Age.

Treaty of Paris

A treaty that ended various wars and defined boundaries and territories.

Colonization

The act of settling among and establishing control over the indigenous people of an area.

Colonial Empire

A major political entity that rules over territories abroad.

Cortes's Conquest

Cortes's efforts to overthrow the Aztec Empire in Mexico.

Economic Expansion

Growth of economic activity due to exploration and trade.

Profits

Financial gains from business activities.

Dutch East India Company

A major trading company that established many trade routes in Asia.

Quebec

A French settlement in North America known for fur trade.

Northwest Passage

A sought-after sea route connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans through the Arctic.

Voyage of Discovery

Journeys taken by explorers to discover new territories and trade routes.

Cotton

A fiber used to make textiles, its cultivation increased during the colonial period.

Fortification

Defensive military constructions during the colonial period.

Nova Scotia

A Canadian province that was part of early colonial expansion.

Battle of Mactan

The battle where Magellan was killed, highlighting resistance to colonization.

Heirarchical Power Structures

Social systems ranked by power and status, often seen in colonial societies.